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How Bonito, Brazil and FundTur (State Tourism Authority) Created the World’s First Carbon Neutral Ecotourism Destination, And What It Means for Tourism Worldwide

A small Brazilian municipality and state-level vision proved that tourism growth and decarbonization aren’t just compatible, they’re mutually reinforcing When the UN declared climate urgency in March 2021, followed by the Glasgow Declaration on Climate Action in Tourism that November, the global tourism industry faced a fundamental challenge: how to reconcile economic growth with climate responsibility. The goals were clear, commitments were made, but concrete examples of practical implementation were scarce. Then came Bonito, a municipality of 24,761 inhabitants in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. What happened there over the following three years would fundamentally change the conversation about sustainable tourism. Bonito built a replicable model that proves destinations can grow their visitor numbers while simultaneously reducing their carbon footprint. The results speak for themselves: 52.49% growth in visitor arrivals alongside a 4.65% reduction in emissions per tourist. For an industry searching for proof that climate action and economic development can coexist, Bonito became the living laboratory the world needed. The Vision That Started It All Bruno Wendling, Executive Director of the Mato Grosso do Sul Tourism Foundation (FUNDTUR), saw what others missed. While most destinations viewed climate certification as a cost center or marketing exercise, Wendling recognized a historic opportunity. Mato Grosso do Sul possessed unique conditions: three distinct biomes (Cerrado, Pantanal and Atlantic Forest) including areas in Bonito that are part of the core zone boundaries of the Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve, decades of consolidated ecotourism experience, and most importantly, Bonito, a global icon of sustainable tourism that had demonstrated for over 30 years how territorial organization could simultaneously promote environmental conservation, economic development, and effective governance. But the vision transcended simply certifying one municipality. The goal was to position Brazil as a global leader in climate solutions for tourism, establishing a demonstrative laboratory that would prove, with measurable data and replicable methodology, that tourism growth and decarbonization could walk hand in hand. A Partnership Model That Works The genius of the approach lies in its structure. Instead of a siloed initiative, a tripartite partnership was established that combined three complementary forces. FUNDTUR brought state-level institutional articulation, long-term strategic vision, and the capacity to create necessary political and technical conditions. Bonito’s certification represented the first step in the tourism sector’s contribution to a broader state strategy: making Mato Grosso do Sul carbon neutral by 2030. The Municipality of Bonito assumed local implementation, providing detailed operational data, infrastructure, and community engagement. The municipality already had decades of experience with carrying capacity control systems, mature collaborative governance, and solid international reputation in sustainability. Green Initiative completed the tripod with proven international technical expertise, having previously certified Machu Picchu (UNESCO World Heritage Site, Peru) as a carbon neutral destination. The organization offered methodology based on international standards (GHG Protocol, IPCC guidelines, ISO 14064-1:2018) with flexibility for adaptation to Brazilian reality while maintaining scientific rigor. This strategic convergence created exceptional conditions: a partner with systemic state vision, a territory with ideal conditions to serve as a pilot, and internationally proven technical expertise. A Vision for Brazilian Leadership Bruno Wendling, Executive Director of FundTur (Mato Grosso do Sul State Tourism Foundation), reflects on the strategic vision behind the initiative: “When we launched this project in 2021, we weren’t just thinking about certifying one destination. We were thinking about positioning Mato Grosso do Sul as a global leader in climate solutions for tourism. Mato Grosso do Sul has unique conditions: three strategic biomes, decades of ecotourism excellence, and Bonito as a living laboratory. But what really matters is proving that sustainable tourism isn’t a cost, it’s an investment that generates measurable returns. Our goal extends far beyond Bonito. We’re building the foundation for Mato Grosso do Sul to become carbon neutral by 2030, and creating a replicable model that can transform tourism across Brazil and internationally. The results speak for themselves: more visitors, less emissions per tourist, international recognition, and most importantly, a clear pathway for other destinations to follow. Climate action isn’t optional anymore. Destinations that act now will lead tomorrow’s tourism market. Those that wait will find themselves left behind. It’s important to emphasize that this all began as a state-level strategy. Mato Grosso do Sul has been increasing its productivity while simultaneously expanding planted forest areas on lands that were previously degraded pastures. Tourism has become a powerful force for giving visibility to this transformation. We’re leading by example, and the private sector is responding. Local entrepreneurs are embracing the climate agenda, with businesses like Grupo Rio da Prata certifying their attractions. What started as a public sector initiative has inspired the entire tourism industry. FundTur became a reference point for entrepreneurs themselves, demonstrating that when government leads with concrete action, the market follows.” The Results That Changed Everything Let’s talk numbers, but more importantly, let’s understand what they really mean. Environmental Impact Between 2021 and 2023, Bonito achieved: This last figure transformed the entire narrative about forest conservation. It’s no longer just about protecting the environment for ethical or regulatory reasons; preserved forests became a measurable economic asset, an integral part of the local tourism business model. In waste management, 758 tons of organic waste were composted between 2022 and 2024, producing 189 tons of compost and avoiding methane emissions. This circular economy doesn’t just reduce emissions — it creates value and transforms problems into solutions. International Recognition The work didn’t go unnoticed: More than trophies, these recognitions represent something crucial: internationally established technical credibility. This credibility opens doors to future access to international climate financing resources like the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and Global Environment Facility (GEF), while attracting private investments from the growing ESG market. Spontaneous media coverage exceeded one million dollars in equivalent value, positioning Bonito, and by extension, Brazil, as a global protagonist in climate solutions for tourism. Social and Economic Impact The 313,316 tourists who visited Bonito in 2023 experienced carbon neutral tourism and participated in climate education programs, becoming multipliers of the message that different tourism is possible. Over 100 professionals were trained

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Machu Picchu Achieves Significant Reduction in Carbon Emissions Since 2021 Certification

Machu Picchu’s Journey to Carbon Neutrality: Acelerating public and private decarbonization investments

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Machu Picchu, Peru – Leading Climate Action in Tourism Amidst the lush Peruvian Andes, Machu Picchu—one of the world’s most iconic cultural and natural landmarks—is redefining what it means to be a sustainable travel destination. With over 1.5 million visitors each year, the challenge was immense—but the will to act was even greater. In a recent interview for the Observatorio de Descarbonización y Economía Circular of the Cámara Nacional de Turismo (CANATUR), Elvis La Torre, Mayor of the District Municipality of Machu Picchu, shared the region’s ambitious climate goals, achievements to date, and critical lessons for the global tourism sector. A Bold Start: Why Machu Picchu Chose Decarbonization The decarbonization project officially began in 2021, led by the District Municipality of Machu Picchu, in collaboration with Inkaterra Asociación and Green Initiative. The decision was made in response to the urgent need to reduce the environmental impact of mass tourism and to shape a more resilient, sustainable development model following the COVID-19 crisis. Using 2019 as the baseline year, Machu Picchu began the Carbon Neutral Certification process and soon became the first UNESCO World Heritage Site to earn this recognition. In 2022, the destination became a signatory of the Glasgow Declaration on Climate Action in Tourism, further reinforcing its leadership in climate-smart tourism. “This certification, led by Green Initiative, gave us the opportunity to position Machu Picchu as a global leader in climate-intelligent tourism,” said Mayor La Torre in the CANATUR interview. Tangible Climate Results: From Waste to Regeneration To date, the outcomes have been remarkable: These milestones were achieved through robust collaboration among public and private stakeholders. Notably, Inkaterra, Grupo AJE, WorldXchange and Tetra Pak played key roles in implementing circular solutions. Luz del Sur provided technical assistance, while CANATUR offered strategic support, reinforcing strong climate governance. Additionally, Machu Picchu’s carbon footprint has been fully offset with 2,155 carbon credits from the REDD+ Brazil Nut Concessions project by Bosques Amazónicos (BAM), which protects over 600,000 hectares of megadiverse forests and supports more than 800 Amazon Brazil nut harvesting families in Madre de Dios, Peru. What’s Next: Scaling Impact and Inclusion Despite significant progress, major challenges remain. Chief among them is the need to expand both public and private financing to scale up the most impactful decarbonization initiatives—such as energy efficiency in tourism services and large-scale ecosystem restoration. Equally important is the continuous strengthening of existing programs, particularly those involving waste management through circular economy principles and the transition to clean energy. Most critically, there is a growing need to increase the active participation of local communities and businesses. Their involvement will be essential to ensure that this regenerative and carbon-neutral tourism model becomes permanent and self-sustaining. “The active participation of all stakeholders will be key to consolidating a regenerative and carbon-neutral tourism model that stands the test of time,” affirmed Mayor La Torre. A Model for the World Machu Picchu’s decarbonization journey is more than a local success story—it is a global call to action. As destinations worldwide face the escalating impacts of climate change, Machu Picchu proves that protecting heritage, supporting local livelihoods, and leading in climate action can go hand in hand. By embracing bold decisions, inclusive governance, and science-based climate solutions, Machu Picchu is charting a path toward a climate and nature-positive future—one that others can follow. 📌 Learn More & Get Involved Is your destination or organization ready to take the next step toward climate and nature-positive leadership? Discover how our certification and advisory services can help you generate measurable impact. 📩 Contact our team This article was written by Yves Hemelryck from the Green Initiative team Related Reading

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Rio de Janeiro's Cristo Redentor Launches Climate Certification A New Era for Sustainable Tourism and UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Rio de Janeiro’s Cristo Redentor Leads the Way for COP30: Climate Action in Tourism for a Resilient Future

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Cristo Redentor Sanctuary, Rio Book, and Green Initiative Sign Collaboration Agreement to Launch Climate Certification of this Iconic UNESCO World Heritage Site Aligned with UN Tourism efforts to promote sustainable tourism best practices across the region, and inspired by the achievements of Machu Picchu, the Santuário Cristo Redentor, Rio Book, and Green Initiative have signed a collaboration agreement to launch the climate certification process of Cristo Redentor — an emblematic cultural and religious landmark recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. “Our vision for a thriving tourism sector, aligned with the great challenges humanity must overcome, is clear: tourism development and decarbonization can — and must — go hand in hand. Through this initiative, leveraging the powerful symbolism of Cristo Redentor in Rio de Janeiro, we aim to carry this message not only to other destinations in the region but to the entire world.” — Gustavo Santos, UN Tourism Director for the Americas Located within the lush Tijuca Forest National Park in Rio de Janeiro, Cristo Redentor stands as a powerful symbol of the interconnection between culture, spirituality, and nature. The Sanctuary leads a robust environmental sustainability agenda through its institutions, such as the Instituto Redemptor and the Obra Social Leste Um, coordinated under the Consórcio Cristo Sustentável. Guided by the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Sanctuary is progressively internalizing best practices in environmental and social governance, aiming to generate a positive climate impact across all its activities. “Cristo Redentor, a universal symbol of welcome and inclusion, is on its way to its centenary in 2031, establishing itself as the first cultural and religious tourist destination in Brazil to achieve this level of commitment to climate sustainability in the management of its activities. Our strategic planning and governance are aimed at integrating the best environmental practices, with the goal of positioning our monument as a communicating agent that conveys the urgent need for the holistic care of our common home.”— Father Omar Raposo, Rector of the Santuário Cristo Redentor (Christ the Redeemer Sanctuary) On April 24th, during a historic event held in Belém do Pará, the Sanctuary signed two strategic agreements. First, a Protocol of Intentions with the Government of the State of Pará to jointly advance climate and sustainability agendas ahead of COP30. Second, a collaboration agreement with Rio Book and Green Initiative to initiate the climate certification process of Cristo Redentor’s management, with a progressive strategy towards achieving a positive climate impact. Through this collaboration, Cristo Redentor will undergo a comprehensive climate certification process aimed at assessing and mitigating its carbon footprint, integrating climate action at the core of its management model. “Being involved in the Cristo Carbono Neutral Certification process is a tremendous honor and pleasure. With the support from UN Tourism, along with support from public authorities and private sector institutions, we will have a unique project! In addition to Green Initiative’s work, we will mobilize talents to organize events, national and international photography exhibitions, concerts, documentaries… In short, a powerful network of communication and achievements worthy of this major project.” — Ricardo Amaral, Director of Rio Book “This collaboration reflects our commitment to positioning climate action as a central element of regenerative and sustainable tourism. At Green Initiative, we believe that iconic sites like Cristo Redentor have the power to inspire global change—not only through environmental leadership but by engaging communities, visitors, and partners in a collective journey toward a climate-positive future.” — Tatiana Otaviano, Relationship Manager at Green Initiative Importantly, through this process, Cristo Redentor will align its efforts with the Glasgow Declaration on Climate Action in Tourism. Launched at COP26 in 2021, the Glasgow Declaration has been endorsed by over 700 organizations worldwide and calls on tourism stakeholders to halve emissions by 2030 and achieve net zero by 2050. It outlines five pathways for action: Measure, Decarbonize, Regenerate, Collaborate, and Finance. By adhering to these principles through the certification process, Cristo Redentor will further strengthen its governance framework and serve as a model for UNESCO World Heritage Sites worldwide, illustrating how tourism, cultural heritage preservation, and climate action can be mutually reinforcing pillars for sustainable development. Grounded in international standards and Green Initiative’s approach, the overall goal of the project is to internalize climate mitigation action within the Sanctuary’s management practices. In doing so, the certification process will help reinforce ongoing social, cultural, and environmental initiatives led by the Sanctuary, while also identifying and making visible new opportunities for climate action, nature conservation, and community-based cultural programs. This integrated approach will contribute to amplifying the project’s impact and outreach, strengthening Cristo Redentor’s role as a catalyst for sustainable and inclusive development. The certification process will entail a full measurement and analysis of greenhouse gas emissions balance associated with site operations and activities. It will identify and reinforce existing mitigation efforts while exploring new opportunities for carbon capture and resource efficiency. It will culminate in the development of a Climate Action Plan covering the 2025–2030 period, designed to guide strategic investments, operational improvements, and long-term social, cultural and climate-related initiatives. A Strategic Step Toward COP30 The initiative comes at a crucial time, as Brazil prepares to host COP30 from November 10 to 21, 2025, in Belém do Pará — the first time a UN Climate Conference will be held in the Amazon region, a globally significant ecosystem for climate stability. Since the launch of the Glasgow Declaration, the tourism sector has been building a compelling case for its role in addressing the climate crisis. This momentum gained significant traction at COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan, where tourism was celebrated through the inaugural Tourism and Climate Action Day, underscoring the sector’s growing recognition as a driver of climate solutions and nature-positive action. The climate certification of Cristo Redentor aligns with these global movements and serves as a strategic contribution to Brazil’s and the broader region’s efforts to demonstrate that tourism can be a powerful force for good. By positioning a UNESCO World Heritage Site as a leader in climate mitigation,

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Circular Economy in Tourism: An Essential Strategy for Climate Action and Sustainable Development of the Sector

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Tourism, recognized as an engine for development and a promoter of cultural exchange, operates as a highly complex sector. Its structure ranges from small community-based enterprises to giant hotel chains and airlines, interacting within diverse and often fragile ecosystems. This very complexity places the sector at the center of a critical dual reality in the current era. The industry is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts such as extreme weather events, sea-level rise, and alterations in seasonal patterns that threaten destinations. Simultaneously, it significantly contributes to the causes of these changes. Frequently cited estimates from organizations like the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) indicate that the sector’s carbon footprint accounts for between 8% and 10% of global GHG emissions when considering its entire value chain. This situation demands an urgent and profound transformation, as the prevailing tourism model for decades, based on a linear “take-make-dispose” economy, is currently unsustainable. In this context, the Paris Agreement, the most relevant global commitment to limit global warming to well below 2°C, establishes the binding framework for action. Key sector initiatives, such as the Glasgow Declaration on Climate Action in Tourism, translate this imperative into concrete goals for the sector: halving emissions by 2030 and achieving Net Zero as soon as possible before 2050. To address this challenge, the Circular Economy emerges not merely as another alternative, but as the fundamental operational strategy. Applied to tourism and grounded in principles promoted by leading entities like the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and adopted in policies and guidelines by multilateral organizations, the Circular Economy offers the practical tools to dismantle the linear model. Its goal is to radically optimize resource use (energy, water, materials, food) and, consequently, minimize the carbon footprint, thus becoming the main driver for fulfilling the climate commitments derived from Paris and Glasgow. The project “Coalición Turística por una Economía Circular, Inclusiva y Climáticamente Inteligente” (Tourism Coalition for a Circular, Inclusive, and Climate-Smart Economy), a collaboration between CANATUR and AECID, with technical support from Green Initiative and funding from the European Union, recognizes the circular economy as a key tool that contributes to the global objectives associated with the current climate crisis. The general objective of such projects is to implement a circular development model centered on an economy where reuse, recovery, recycling, extending the useful life of products, and reducing the carbon footprint in the tourism sector prevail, while also promoting innovation and competitiveness in a fair and equitable manner. Implementing circularity in tourism involves fundamentally redesigning the experience and operation, following its basic principles: In practice, this materializes through a comprehensive approach that spans the entire tourism value chain. Some concrete examples include: Adopting these circular practices is not only essential for planetary health and meeting binding climate commitments, but also generates operational efficiencies, reduces costs, and enhances reputation. The transition from a linear production and consumption model to a circular model that prioritizes the reuse, recovery, and recycling of resources is essential for both environmental integrity and sustainable economic growth. The adoption of a circular economy model in tourism lays the operational groundwork for sustainable and responsible management. This vision of circularity prepares us and paves the way for an even greater aspiration: Regenerative Tourism—a type of tourism that not only avoids harm but actively revitalizes ecosystems, communities, and local cultures, aiming to leave them better than found. The CANATUR and AECID project is dedicated to fostering a more sustainable and low-carbon tourism model within Peru, thus establishing itself as a crucial undertaking for the global climate agenda. Recommended additional reading: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2023). Climate Action in the Tourism SectorThis report provides an overview of greenhouse gas emissions measurement in tourism and assesses the sector’s climate action efforts.👉 Climate Action in the Tourism Sector World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2024). Policy Guidance to Support Climate Action by National Tourism AdministrationsThis policy guidance assists National Tourism Administrations in developing tourism climate action policies and initiatives to support the low-carbon transition.👉 Policy Guidance to Support Climate Action Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2021). Circular Economy IntroductionAn introduction to the circular economy, explaining its principles and how it aims to eliminate waste and regenerate nature.👉 What is a circular economy? This article was written by Musye Lucen from the Green Initiative Team. Related Articles

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