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Charting a Course Towards Sustainable and Resilient Prosperity in Fisheries and Aquaculture

The resilience and prosperity of the region’s small-scale fisheries are crucial, as they are the main source of livelihood for fishers in the sector. The recent impact of Hurricane Beryl on Grenada, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Jamaica, and Barbados has highlighted the urgent need to protect and modernize this critical sector. The storm, a clear indication of climate change, has shown the potential devastation that rapidly forming hurricanes can bring to communities and livelihoods. In response to these challenges, the Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism (CRFM) is promoting sustainable fishery practices and resilience. Its initiatives, which include decarbonizing the sector, enhancing marine habitat restoration, and securing financial resources for adaptation and mitigation, are crucial. However, international support is also needed to ensure a resilient future for the region’s fisheries and aquaculture industries. Read the full article here. Useful reports here.

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How UNESCO Heritage Sites are Integrating Climate Action - Green Initiative

How UNESCO Designated Sites are Integrating Climate Action

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Bonito and Machu Picchu: The Power of Twin UNESCO Designated Sites Pioneering Climate Action in Tourism In a time where climate change poses significant challenges to our planet, the tourism industry is stepping up to play a crucial role in mitigating its impact through the Glasgow Declaration for Climate Action in Tourism. In this context, two iconic cultural and ecotourism destinations are leading the way in climate action in tourism. Bonito, located in the Brazilian Pantanal and recognized as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, and Machu Picchu, situated in the Peruvian Andes and recognized as a UNESCO Mixed World Heritage Site, integrate climate mitigation best practices into their tourism development models. The results achieved so far, through the climate certification of both destinations, have consistently showcased that through well-informed and pragmatic action, the development of tourism in UNESCO Biosphere Reserves and Mixed World Heritage Sites can go hand in hand with the decarbonization of tourism destinations, generating positive impacts on both the local economy and the climate. Bonito and Machu Picchu: Laboratories for Climate Mitigation Action and Expertise Development Bonito, located in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, was designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 2000. Bonito has long been a reference for sustainable tourism, known for its crystal-clear rivers, stunning waterfalls, and rich biodiversity. Similarly, Machu Picchu, the ancient Incan citadel nestled in the Andes Mountains of Peru, was declared a UNESCO Mixed World Heritage Site in 1983. In collaboration with the Green Initiative, both UNESCO destinations, Bonito and Machu Picchu, have embarked on a transformative journey to net-zero emissions through a rigorous climate-certification process that involves: In 2021, the tourism destination of Bonito had a total of 17,829.42 tCO2eq emissions. Around 51% of its footprint was related to the consumption of fuels by ground mobile sources, such as cars and buses used by tourists in their visits. The second largest emission was the decomposition of solid residues (22.32%), followed by electricity consumption (6.02%). In the development of Bonito’s Climate Action Plan, several actions were defined to address these core emissions, such as stimulating the use of biofuels, conversion and availability of electric vehicles, waste management improvements in the public system, community engagement in the circular economy, and carbon capture enhancements by promoting ecosystems restorations. On the other hand, in 2022, Machu Picchu successfully reduced its emissions to 7,117.55 tCO2eq, an 18.77% decrease from the 2019 base year. Four processes were implemented to reuse recoverable waste: Additionally, electric vehicles were introduced to transport the generated waste, and waste segregation points were established throughout the district, among other actions. The new waste management processes significantly reduced 40.80 tCO2eq, 2.5 times more than in 2019. Carbon capture from ecological restoration, where 6,596 native trees were planted in degraded areas, capturing 5,055.17 tCO2eq, led to a net emission balance of 2,062.38 tCO2eq. Machu Picchu’s carbon footprint has been fully offset with 2,155 carbon credits from the REDD+ Brazil Nut Concessions project by Bosques Amazónicos (BAM), which protects over 600,000 hectares of megadiverse forests and supports more than 800 Amazon Brazil nut harvesting families in Madre de Dios, Peru. By integrating climate action into their core business models, these destinations are setting new standards for sustainable tourism at UNESCO heritage sites. As Jose Salazar Ríos, Coordinator of the Culture Sector at UNESCO Peru, highlights: “Machu Picchu, one of the 13 World Heritage sites that Peru has, is an inspiring example of how tourism can be integrated with climate action, thus contributing to the sustainability and conservation of World Heritage.“ The Glasgow Declaration on Climate Action in Tourism The Glasgow Declaration on Climate Action in Tourism is a pivotal framework for mobilizing the tourism sector to act decisively on climate change. Launched at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, the Declaration commits signatories to halve emissions by 2030 and achieve net zero by 2050 at the latest. By aligning with the pathways to the Paris Agreement, the Declaration provides a clear roadmap for tourism stakeholders to integrate climate action into their business models. It encourages collaboration across the industry, promoting the sharing of best practices, resources, and innovative solutions to accelerate decarbonization. Bonito and Machu Picchu are exemplary participants in this global movement, demonstrating how UNESCO heritage sites can lead by example in integrating comprehensive climate strategies into their tourism operations. Through initiatives such as these, the Glasgow Declaration aims to unify the tourism industry in the fight against climate change, fostering a collective effort to protect our planet for future generations. The Power of Twin UNESCO Designated Sites in Climate Mitigation The collaboration between Bonito and Machu Picchu, as climate-smart twin cities, holds immense potential for climate mitigation and expertise development worldwide. By sharing best practices, resources, and innovative solutions, they can amplify their impact on reducing tourism-related emissions and serve as a reference for other UNESCO Designated Sites worldwide. According to Sofia Gutierrez, Deputy Director of Sustainable Tourism at UN Tourism: “The experience of Machu Picchu as a signatory of the Glasgow Declaration can be a reference for other tourist destinations in Peru and around the world. In addition to being a natural and cultural treasure, Machu Picchu is also an inspiring example of how the growth of tourism and decarbonization can and should go hand in hand.“ Emerging Opportunities Final Reflections Bonito, as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, and Machu Picchu, as a UNESCO Mixed World Heritage Site, both as Carbon Neutral destinations, can provide the tourism industry significant insights into the fight against climate change. Their reinforcement of bilateral collaboration as climate-smart twin cities holds the potential to drive substantial progress in decarbonizing tourism and promoting sustainable development both locally and worldwide. By working together, they can inspire other destinations to follow suit, creating a ripple effect that contributes to a more sustainable and resilient planet. As we look to the future, Bonito’s and Machu Picchu’s partnership serves as a testament to the power of collaboration in addressing the pressing challenges of climate change. Together, they are preserving their natural and cultural

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'Orchids of Machu Picchu' Exhibition in Singapore

Inkaterra: Pioneering Orchid Conservation with Blockchain Technology

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Nestled in the lush, verdant paradise of the Peruvian Andes, Inkaterra Machu Picchu Pueblo Hotel has always been a beacon for nature lovers and conservationists. The hotel, renowned for its stunning gardens and commitment to ecological preservation, recently achieved a groundbreaking milestone that marries ancient botanical wonders with cutting-edge technology. Inkaterra Asociación and Blockchain Certification Inkaterra Asociación, a sister entity dedicated to scientific research and conservation, announced a revolutionary step in its mission: using blockchain technology to certify the origin and traceability of 26 newly discovered orchid species. This advancement secures the authenticity of these delicate blooms and showcases Inkaterra’s innovative spirit in blending tradition with modernity. A Milestone in Digital Transformation José Koechlin, a visionary behind Inkaterra, pridefully shared this monumental achievement. “We are proud to announce the implementation of blockchain technology to certify the 26 species new to science found at Inkaterra Machu Picchu Pueblo Hotel. Today, thanks to our alliance with Seven Star Internazionale and this innovative certification, we reached a new milestone for our research initiatives in native orchids,” he commented, highlighting the significance of this digital transformation. Preserving Biodiversity for Over 40 Years For over forty years, Inkaterra Asociación has been at the forefront of scientific research in Peru, mainly focusing on the conservation of native orchids. Their meticulous efforts have culminated in preserving 372 species of native orchids within the gardens of Inkaterra Machu Picchu Pueblo Hotel. This impressive collection, recognized by the American Orchid Society as the largest in the world, underscores Inkaterra’s dedication to biodiversity. Global Recognition and Holistic Hospitality The hotel’s accolades speak volumes about its excellence. Named the third-best hotel brand globally in 2018 by Travel + Leisure and recognized by the United Nations as the world’s first Climate Positive hotel brand, Inkaterra has consistently demonstrated a holistic approach to hospitality. The synergy between luxury and environmental stewardship is at the heart of their ethos, and the integration of blockchain technology is a testament to their forward-thinking philosophy. Credibility and Security Through Blockchain Massimiliano Nicastro, CEO of Seven Star Internazionale, elaborated on the benefits of this innovative leap. “This marks an important milestone as Inkaterra launches the world’s first blockchain-certified Peruvian orchids, offering a means of credibility and validation of scientific studies and image registration. Furthermore, Inkaterra Asociación will use the blockchain for the pre-sale and delivery of its books worldwide through NFTs, with maximum security and transparency,” he explained. The move ensures that every orchid and scientific study associated with Inkaterra carries a seal of authenticity that is virtually unbreakable. A Global Crusade for Conservation Fernando Patrón, the commercial director of Seven Star Internazionale, added, “We are joining efforts to show the world the new fruits of Peru and its businessmen, great managers of the country that are now consolidated worldwide thanks to disruptive technology, with blockchain being the most important ally for this great crusade. On this occasion, Inkaterra’s orchids will reach Singapore and the world with blockchain technology through the management of SSI and the MinaSmart technology platform.” ‘Orchids of Machu Picchu’ Exhibition in Singapore In 2023, Inkaterra, celebrating 45 years of scientific research, inaugurated the international exhibition ‘Orchids of Machu Picchu‘ in the renowned Cloud Forest dome of Singapore’s Gardens by the Bay. This groundbreaking event, produced in collaboration with Gardens by the Bay and the Embassy of Peru in Singapore, showcases 87 native orchid species from Machu Picchu, meticulously preserved by Inkaterra through an exceptional technique that maintains their natural shape and color. First International Display of Peruvian Orchids This marks the first time this exquisite collection has been displayed abroad, capturing the intricate beauty and delicate details of Peru’s orchids. Complementing the orchid display was a scale model of the Machu Picchu Historic Sanctuary and various Peruvian orchid species and hybrids cultivated at Gardens by the Bay. An Inca-Inspired Journey Inspired by the Inca Trail, the exhibition featured a replica of the Inti Punku (Sun Gate) and a selection of artifacts from Peru’s ancient cultures, offering visitors a unique journey through history and biodiversity. The opening ceremony, attended by Singaporean authorities and dignitaries, including 16 ambassadors and Ms. Indranee Rajah, Minister of the Office of the Prime Minister, highlighted the extraordinary significance of orchids in Machu Picchu’s biodiversity. Curated by biologist Benjamín Collantes, the exhibition drew hundreds of thousands of visitors during its six-month run, fostering a deeper appreciation for the conservation of orchid species worldwide. Conclusion The alliance between Inkaterra and Seven Star Internazionale signifies more than a technological upgrade; it symbolizes Peru’s rich heritage meeting the future. As the 26 new orchid species journey across the globe, each carries a story of scientific dedication, ecological harmony, and digital innovation. Inkaterra’s pioneering spirit, coupled with its unwavering commitment to nature, sets a precedent for how traditional practices can seamlessly integrate with modern technology. The world watches as these blockchain-certified orchids bloom, not just in the gardens of Machu Picchu but in the global consciousness, reminding us of the beauty that can be achieved when the past and future converge.

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The Synergy Between Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy: Powering a Greener Future

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Electric vehicles are synonymous with a green lifestyle. However, few Americans (4%) own an electric vehicle (EV), or are seriously considering purchasing one (12%), according to 2023 data from Gallup. Another 43% of U.S. adults say they may consider purchasing an EV in the future, while 41% “unequivocally say they would not.” For those who are planning to invest in an EV in 2024, renewable energy solutions can heighten the eco-friendly benefits of owning an EV in many ways — including saving even more on your monthly energy bill. From the many applications of solar energy to how EV owners can implement the technology at home, modern options serve as a great consideration for those who may be on the fence about investing in a new vehicle. Elevating an eco-friendly lifestyle Whether you’re a busy parent with a full schedule of running the roads or you’re simply looking for a vehicle that is cheaper to maintain, EVs are the go-to choice for an eco-friendly ride. For starters, EVs typically have a smaller carbon footprint than traditional gasoline cars, making them ideal for those wishing to take on a more eco-friendly lifestyle. While EVs themselves have no tailpipe emissions, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) points out that generating the electricity used to charge EVs may create carbon pollution. The EPA goes on to explain that the amount of pollution created “varies widely,” particularly when it comes to how the local power is generated (for instance, the impact of coal or natural gas vs. renewable sources that don’t emit carbon pollution). For those who wish to maximize the eco-friendly potential of an EV, the adoption of renewable energy is a great consideration, according to the U.S. Department of Energy. A dedicated solar energy charging station can be the ideal solution in looking to power an EV in a clean and green way, and presents several advantages. In addition to lower energy costs, EV owners that take advantage of solar energy charging can further benefit by being able to charge their vehicle during a power outage. This can be particularly valuable for those who are in areas that experience strong weather, though the benefits don’t end there. The Department of Energy goes on to note that EV owners who choose to charge their vehicle when there is ‘plentiful solar generation’ can minimize the strain on the local electricity grid, thus furthering the eco-friendly impact on a larger scale. Exploring the endless possibilities of solar Solar panels for the home are a well-known concept. When it comes to electric vehicles, however, there are several innovative solutions out there. The Department of Energy’s Solar Technologies Office details several solar-powered solutions for EVs, including rooftop solar, solar-powered public charging stations, and community solar. Rooftop solar systems, for example, power the home (or building), and as a result power the vehicle via a charging station.When you’re generating more electricity than you’re using, rooftop solar systems can be optimized in order to maximize your solar savings even further, thus contributing to a lifestyle that is cohesive with eco-friendly values. Solar-powered public charging stations, vehicle-attached or added photovoltaics, and vehicle-integrated photovoltaics are additional solutions outlined in the Solar Technologies Office post. While such adoptions can sound far-fetched or unrealistic for many prospective EV owners, it’s imperative to realize that solar energy solutions for EVs are already becoming more prevalent. In Raleigh, North Carolina, new solar EV chargers can be found at Anderson Point Park and Brier Creek Park, though the chargers will occasionally be moved around the city so that more people can try them. According to the RaleighNC.gov site, the solar powered EV chargers can be placed in areas of the city that don’t have EV charging infrastructure, effectively reducing the need for expensive electrical work while helping the city to better understand where permanent EV charging infrastructure is needed in the future. Maximizing your environmental impact from the start Installing a solar powered EV charging station at home is a great way to start using solar charging right at home, though there are a few important aspects of the process to keep in mind. According to one U.S. News & World Report article, experts note that a properly-sized solar array is generally sufficient in powering a home, though it may not be enough for EV charging (in addition to the home’s routine power use). As a result, talking with your local solar energy installer is advised in order to explore your options thoroughly, though it’s noted that it is possible to run both your home and charge your EV entirely off of solar. Other options include having a local utility company switch your household to a clean energy source, though it’s noted that this may not work if you’re in a multi-unit dwelling or an area where these sources aren’t available. While EV sales appear to have lost momentum (at least temporarily), according to one early 2024 NPR post, those considering an investment in an EV have a variety of considerations to keep in mind when aiming to choose the right vehicle. Range and charge time are valuable considerations when looking for the right EV, with ratings and reviews of popular models providing great insight on such features. For example, the 2023 Chevrolet Bolt EUV is a practical choice for those looking for an all-electric SUV thanks to its space and electric powertrain, though many owners don’t enjoy the overall fuel economy and driving range of the vehicle or the driving range and speed of charging the vehicle. On the other hand, options such as the 2023 Chevrolet Bolt EV, an electric hatchback, features high range. By sifting through reviews beforehand, you can make an educated decision on what vehicle is best suited for your specific lifestyle and needs. For those looking to lead an environmentally friendly lifestyle, solutions extend well beyond the investment of an electric vehicle. Through the many options that solar powered charging presents, EV owners have the chance to explore a number of solutions — from the installation of solar panels at home to the

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Green and Just Transition for Whom?

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The concept of a “Green and Just Transition” developed by the UN aims at a holistic approach to address climate change and environmental degradation while ensuring social justice and equity. The concept integrates considerations of environmental and socioeconomic sustainability, emphasizing that the transition to a low-carbon economy should not come at the expense of vulnerable groups and should “leave no one behind.” The concept includes aspects such as environmental sustainability, which focuses on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting renewable energies, conserving biodiversity, and protecting ecosystems. Another aspect is social justice, which aims to ensure that the benefits and burdens of the transition are distributed fairly. A third aspect deals with economic resilience, emphasizing the building of an economy that can withstand environmental and economic shocks and investing in green technologies, sustainable infrastructure, and skill development to support new jobs and green industries. All of this sounds good, but, after all, what does “leaving no one behind” mean? While attractive and useful to help garner broad support for the green agenda, the concept can generate controversies. This is because each country has its own interests and is exposed to each of the above aspects to varying degrees. Consider the case of the United States. There, the concept is often evoked to address jobs at risk in fossil fuel and/or carbon-intensive sectors affected by regulatory changes for decarbonization. These changes could help explain the backlash from communities against those measures and even the political use of the theme by conservative sectors. In the case of poorer countries exposed to climate change, the concept tends to focus on the immense urgent needs for investments in adaptation and aid to the most vulnerable communities facing extreme natural disasters, especially those affecting food security and leading to conflicts and forced migrations—think of what many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa are already experiencing. However, there would still be at least one more group of countries for which the green and just transition would have a specific connotation. Think of the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) that, although also in need of investments in adaptation, can afford to face climate challenges through business opportunities. Consider the cases of Brazil, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Uruguay, among others, which already have predominantly renewable electric matrices and competitive operational conditions. These characteristics qualify the region to participate in global value chains through powershoring, the corporate strategy of locating manufacturing plants and/or energy-intensive production chains in zones that offer green, secure, cheap, and abundant energy. Coincidentally or not, renewable energy is concentrated in the most depressed regions of those countries. By encouraging new businesses, powershoring could have significant socioeconomic and environmental impacts while helping companies achieve resilience, compliance, and the operational conditions they need. By way of illustration, consider the case of Brazil, specifically the Northeast region. The region already enjoys a high supply of renewable energy and has a capacity factor well above the world average. In some places, there is even non-intermittent green energy generation with the combination of plenty of sunlight during the day and favorable winds at night. The region has an extensive transmission network and over 100GW of already granted green energy. The Northeast also has excellent ports and industrial zones connected to them. Additionally, the region enjoys strong support from local political leaders in favor of converting those comparative advantages into tools for combating poverty. No wonder, poverty in the region affects 47.4% of the population and accounts for almost half of all poverty in the country. Consider also the case of Rio Grande do Sul, a state recently devastated by unprecedented floods. With exceptional conditions for wind energy production and availability of ports and industrial zones, powershoring could be an important ally in the state’s economic and social recovery. The microeconomic logic of powershoring could be extended to critical minerals for the energy transition. Many of the world’s main provinces of these minerals are in high-poverty areas in Brazil, such as the Jequitinhonha Valley in Minas Gerais and parts of the states of Amazonas and Pará, to name a few. Industrializing these minerals could have unprecedented socioeconomic repercussions, and similar scenarios can be observed in other countries in the region. Powershoring would therefore be a means, not an end in itself, and a fundamental channel for promoting a green and just transition. Uncoordinated policies to promote a green and just transition can be problematic. Indeed, claims and public policies from countries with different contexts, economic power, and political influence could lead to complex and even contradictory situations. For example, consider the Inflation Reduction Act in the United States or the EU New Green Deal and other measures by the European Union, which aim to generate green jobs with heavy subsidies, protectionism, and discrimination, but with side effects in terms of trade and investment diversion from powershoring countries and a reduction in resources from global adaptation funds for poor countries. Similarly, there are contracts that lead powershoring countries to direct their valuable green energy to produce and export green hydrogen to rich countries and/or to direct it to data centers, instead of prioritizing it as a tool to attract value chains that can indeed generate prosperity with equity. It is a matter of collective action, policy failures, and market failures with substantial distributive, social, and political consequences. Defining a green and just transition agenda that leaves no one behind will be one of the great challenges that global leaders will have to face in the coming years if they want to promote a genuinely broad, peaceful, and sustainable transition. Written by our friend and colleague Jorge Arbache. Jorge is a professor of economics at the University of Brasília and has held positions in government, banks, companies, and boards. This article was originally published in Valor Econômico on 07/11/2024

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The Role Of Satellite Data And Analytics In Monitoring The Restoration Of Degraded Forests

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The more forests we lose every year, the more we recognize their importance in different industries and daily routines. Awakened by the threat of climate change and alarming forest loss, modern businesses that are in any way connected to forestry start recognizing the need for related mitigation activities. The umbrella term for them is forest restoration — a crucial initiative aimed at reviving degraded ecosystems, enhancing biodiversity, and increasing resilience to climate change. The process involves replanting native trees to restore soil health and revitalize habitats for wildlife. Luckily, there is an innovative technology to help with all this. This article focuses on satellite data analytics — an invaluable tool in restoration efforts. By offering a comprehensive view of forest conditions and changes, free high-resolution satellite imagery allows for more precise and effective restoration strategies, paving the way for a healthier and more resilient planet. But before we jump into more details, let’s discuss why it’s even important. Why Care About Forest Ecosystems It’s common knowledge that trees are pillars holding the Earth’s environmental balance by acting as carbon sinks and absorbing vast amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. But, as we’ve mentioned in the beginning, their role stretches beyond that. Forests also regulate water cycles, maintain soil health, and provide habitat for a multitude of species. And it works both ways. For example, healthy soil supports tree growth — tree roots support soil health. However, deforestation and forest degradation, driven by logging, agriculture, urban expansion, and aridification have led to significant losses of forest cover globally. Restoring these forest is essential to sustaining ecosystem services and ensuring ecological stability. Satellite Data and Analytics in Forest Monitoring There is no doubt that technology has become a powerful ally in the realm of forest conservation and restoration. One of the most transformative advancements is the use of satellite data and analytics in forest monitoring. With the ability to get access to high-resolution satellite images, scientists and environmentalists can now observe and analyze vast expanses of forest in unprecedented detail. Such an approach not only enhances our understanding of forest dynamics but also provides critical insights for effective management and conservation strategies. By harnessing the power of satellite tech, we can better protect our precious green landscapes and ensure their health and sustainability for future generations. Let’s see how it works for exact purposes. Deforestation Detection By leveraging advanced satellite technologies, we can monitor vast forested areas with remarkable precision and timeliness. This method allows for the detection of deforestation events in near real-time, identifying even subtle changes in forest cover that might go unnoticed be it any other way of observation. High-resolution satellite images provide detailed visual data, enabling researchers to pinpoint the exact locations and extent of forest loss. This kind of knowledge is vital for policymakers and conservationists, enabling them to respond swiftly and effectively to illegal logging activities, desertification, and other threats to forest ecosystems. Monitoring Reforestation Projects For the reforestation to be effective, there has to be proper forest management: one that caters to specific goals, such as recovery from deforestation, harvesting, or wildfires. The choice of trees varies with these goals: some species excel in carbon absorption, while others grow quickly. Restoring ecosystems depends on planting diverse species. Monoculture forests are vulnerable to disease, whereas polyculture forests enhance biodiversity and resilience. Techniques like clearcuts or prescribed fires can accelerate natural restoration. Remote sensing simplifies reforestation management, especially in inaccessible areas. High-resolution satellite imagery provides early insights into progress and detects problems promptly. Vegetation indices help foresters identify and address unhealthy areas, ensuring successful reforestation. Assessing Forest Health A powerful tool here is utilizing vegetation indices, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This way researchers can evaluate the vitality of forests with remarkable accuracy. NDVI values, derived from high-quality satellite images, depict the difference between visible and near-infrared light reflected by vegetation, providing insights into plant health, biomass, and productivity. These indices highlight areas of vegetation stress or disease, allowing for early detection of issues that could escalate into significant problems. Satellite imagery enables continuous monitoring over large areas, ensuring that even remote or inaccessible forests are included in health assessments. This technology equips environmentalists and policymakers with the data needed to make informed decisions, implement timely interventions, and develop strategies for sustainable forest management. Carbon Sequestration Measurement By utilizing satellite data, experts can accurately estimate the carbon content stored in forests through detailed measurements of tree biomass and growth rates. This advanced technology enables them to quantify the impact of restoration projects on mitigating climate change, providing valuable insights into how effectively these efforts are reducing atmospheric carbon levels. Through such precise monitoring, we can better understand and enhance the role of forests in our global climate strategy. Planning And Tracking Afforestation To ensure successful afforestation and sustainable forest plantations, precise monitoring is key. This is achieved by using data from various satellites like Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, and the power of machine learning to compile bi-weekly forest cover data. Choosing the right tree species is also crucial. Analyzing local forest inventories helps select species that thrive, ensuring a positive impact on the ecosystem. Historical satellite imagery can help track regrowth, and combined with spatial analysis, provides a comprehensive view of forest dynamics. This aids in managing tree loss and replanting efforts quite effectively. Benefits of Remote Sensing Remote sensing offers numerous benefits for forest monitoring. It provides an enhanced spatial representation of the monitored area and covers large geographical regions systematically. Non-intrusive and systematic data collection methods ensure minimal disruption to the environment. Increased data frequency allows for more accurate observations, enabling rapid decision-making. Additionally, remote sensing can acquire information in challenging or inaccessible areas, potentially reducing the costs of monitoring programs. At Green Initiative, we utilize high-resolution satellite data for various applications. Over longer periods (e.g. above 3 years) we monitor the abundance of vegetation in our restoration sites by measuring the change in NDVI over time. The results of these

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Machu Picchu Achieves Significant Reduction in Carbon Emissions Since 2021 Certification

From Heritage to Habitats: The Journey of Sustainable Conservation from Machu Picchu to the Amazon

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In 2014, UNESCO warned that Machu Picchu could be included on the list of endangered heritage sites due to poor waste management. In response, the Inkaterra Hotels Association, the Municipality of Machu Picchu, and the AJE Group implemented a circular economy model to manage waste locally. In 2015, four plants were established to process this waste. In Machu Picchu Pueblo, also known as Aguas Calientes, four tons of organic waste are generated daily due to the large influx of tourists, restaurants, and hotels. This waste is segregated and processed in a pyrolysis plant built in collaboration with Peruvian engineers and the University of Cusco. This plant converts the waste into biochar, a natural carbon that enriches the soil and helps retain carbon dioxide. Additionally, there are PET compaction plants, cardboard segregation plants, and glass processing plants. Plastic bottles are compacted and transported to a recycling plant in Lima, turning them into new bottles. These actions aim to raise awareness about the recyclable value of plastic bottles. Glass bottles are also recycled and pulverized, preventing them from ending up in the Vilcanota River. The resulting sand is mixed with concrete to create paving stones that beautify and reinforce the riverbanks. Some of these white paving stones have already been placed in Machu Picchu, marking certain areas and contributing to the beautification and strengthening of the local infrastructure. According to the World Tourism Organization, tourism activity accounts for around 8% of total CO2 emissions globally. In Peru, according to the Green Initiative, about 5% of total emissions are related to tourism. Therefore, the tourism industry worldwide and in Peru, in particular, must improve its practices and incorporate climate action as a standard between destinations and companies. A fundamental aspect of this change consists of implementing management for reducing carbon emissions (mitigation) and achieving the carbon-neutral certification promoted internationally by the Green Initiative. The certification was granted to Machu Picchu in 2021 by the Green Initiative after a certification cycle lasting five months. During this cycle, the Municipality formalized its climate commitment through the UN Climate Change – Climate Neutral Now program, aligning itself with the objectives of the Paris Climate Agreement and the recommendations for low-carbon tourism reactivation promoted by the One Planet program of the World Tourism Organization. These results confirm that tourism activity and the generation of carbon emissions are directly related, exhibiting a positive correlation. To reach its goal of reducing carbon emissions by 45% by 2030, Machu Picchu must promote tourism’s reactivation and economic recovery without increasing carbon emissions. Now, in June 2024, Machu Picchu has renewed its certification as the First Carbon Neutral UNESCO Designated Site, underscoring Machu Picchu’s commitment to sustainability and decarbonization, which continues to lead in sustainable tourism through innovative environmental initiatives and collaborative efforts. Moreover, Machu Picchu has made substantial progress in reducing carbon emissions. The total carbon footprint for 2022 was 7,117.55 tCO2eq, representing an 18.77% reduction compared to the 2019 baseline. REDD+ Brazil Nut Concessions: Pioneering Conservation and Sustainable Development in the Amazon Following the successful waste management initiatives in Machu Picchu, efforts to offset its carbon footprint led to the REDD+ Brazil Nut Concessions conservation project. Developed by the Peruvian company Bosques Amazónicos (BAM), an ally of Green Initiative, this project protects over 600,000 hectares of unique megadiverse forests in partnership with more than 800 castañeros families in Madre de Dios, Peru. The REDD+ Brazil Nut Concessions project stands out for its scale and impact. It safeguards the chestnut forests, which are home to incredible biodiversity. For over 14 years, BAM, the Green Initiative, and the concessionary families have been united in their mission to protect these forests from the looming threats of deforestation. Their approach combines sustainable economic development with environmental conservation, ensuring that the local community benefits alongside the environment. A core principle of the REDD+ Brazil Nut Concessions project is promoting economic development in harmony with nature. The project has implemented an integrated system for forest monitoring. It provides continuous technical and legal assistance to concessionary families. These families receive ongoing training in sustainable forest management, empowering them to protect their natural resources while enhancing their livelihoods. The project also offers direct economic benefits to the castañeros partners. It has developed sustainable, productive alternatives to improve the community’s quality of life. Photos by Walter H. Wust In addition to its economic and social impacts, the REDD+ Brazil Nut Concessions project makes significant strides in biodiversity conservation. Scientific expeditions as part of the BAM Science Program leverage technology and innovation to monitor the biodiversity of the chestnut forests with active participation from the castañeros community. This ensures that the conservation efforts are both scientifically robust and community-driven. Notable achievements include: These accomplishments highlight the project’s role in mitigating climate change, conserving biodiversity, and fostering sustainable development. It is a global model for integrating economic growth with environmental stewardship and community empowerment. A Model for Global Conservation The REDD+ Brazil Nut Concessions project serves as a model for conservation efforts worldwide. Integrating economic development with environmental stewardship and community empowerment demonstrates that protecting our planet’s natural resources can improve human well-being. As the world continues to grapple with climate change and environmental degradation challenges, initiatives like REDD+ Brazil Nut Concessions offer a beacon of hope. They show that innovative approaches and collaborative efforts can create a sustainable future for both people and the planet. To delve deeper into the remarkable work of the REDD+ Brazil Nut Concessions project, download the 2023 Annual Report here. Contact us for further information and supporting Green Initiative’s actions from the Andes to the Amazon. Useful links:

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Machu Picchu - Reduce Carbon Emission Footprint - Carbon Neutral Climate Certification - Green Initiative

Machu Picchu Achieves Significant Reduction in Carbon Emissions Since 2021 Certification

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Lima, June 2024 – Machu Picchu has renewed its certification as the First Carbon Neutral UNESCO Designated Site. This prestigious certification, awarded by Green Initiative, underscores Machu Picchu’s commitment to sustainability and decarbonization. Originally certified in 2021, Machu Picchu continues to lead in sustainable tourism through innovative environmental initiatives and collaborative efforts. Significant Reductions in Carbon Emissions Since its initial certification in 2021, Machu Picchu has made substantial progress in reducing carbon emissions. The total carbon footprint for 2022 was 7,117.55 tCO2eq, representing an 18.77% reduction compared to the 2019 baseline. This impressive reduction was achieved through several key strategies: Decarbonization Strategies, Innovative Waste Management and Circular Economy, and Nature Positive Initiatives Machu Picchu’s approach to waste management and circular economy has been integral to maintaining its carbon-neutral status. The renewal of Machu Picchu’s carbon-neutral certification highlights the success of various decarbonization strategies. These include: These measures have substantially reduced Machu Picchu’s carbon footprint, making it a model for sustainable tourism worldwide. Key Highlights: Collaborative Efforts for Sustainability This achievement was made possible through the collaboration of various stakeholders, including the Municipality of Machu Picchu, Grupo AJE, Inkaterra, and Tetra Pak. Support also came from World Xchange, Luz del Sur, Bosques Amazónicos (BAM), Latam, PROMPERÚ, and the National Chamber of Tourism of Peru (CANATUR). “We are proud to announce that Machupicchu renews its ‘First Carbon Neutral’ certificate. This achievement represents a significant milestone in our effort to promote circular economy models and sustainable cities, where for example, we give new life to bottles, such as Cielo Alcalina which is made 100% from recycled bottles,” says Jorge López-Doriga, Chief Communications and Sustentability Officer in AJE Group. “As a pioneer of regenerative tourism in Peru, Inkaterra is committed to conserving the natural heritage of Machupicchu,” states José Koechlin, founding president of Inkaterra. “This alliance is a success story about the goals that can be achieved when public and private sectors work hand in hand. With the support of the local community, the first destination in Latin America with a circular economy has been achieved. We Peruvians enjoy the privilege of having this cultural and natural heritage of humanity, which entails the great responsibility of caring for it for future generations.” “The result achieved in Machupicchu is the result of significant collaborative effort; however, it is necessary to attract more financial and intellectual capital, with the help of national and international actors, to expand and scale up the accumulated experience. The world needs references in climate action in tourism, and Machupicchu can be a great laboratory for climate action and circular economy of global interest,” states Tatiana Otaviano, Head of Relationship Management at Green Initiative. Mónica Montes, Sustainability Manager of Tetra Pak Andina, specifies the valuable role that the actors in the recycling chain in the country have played in achieving such an important achievement. “At Tetra Pak, we firmly believe in shared responsibility, so the contribution of major allies such as AJE, Inkaterra, the State, among others, allows the renewal of the certification of Machupicchu as a Carbon Neutral Destination to be a testimony of success. From Tetra Pak, we will continue with the commitment to make our packaging contribute to the circular economy and significantly reduce our carbon footprint, thus contributing to a better future,” commented the executive. Global Recognition and Future Goals Machu Picchu’s renewed carbon-neutral certification has received international recognition from UN Tourism, UNESCO, and UN Climate Change. Publications like Lonely Planet have also highlighted this achievement, naming Machu Picchu as one of the ‘Top 10 Best World Tourism News’ in 2021. The ongoing efforts to maintain and enhance Machu Picchu’s sustainability practices demonstrate a broader commitment to combating climate change. This milestone serves as an inspiration for other tourist destinations worldwide, showcasing the benefits of integrating climate action into tourism. As we celebrate this achievement, it is essential to continue fostering public and private partnerships and securing investments to sustain and expand these efforts. Machu Picchu’s journey towards a fully decarbonized future is a beacon of hope and a blueprint for sustainable tourism globally.

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Machu Picchu – The First UNESCO Designated Site – To Renew Its ‘Carbon Neutral’ Certification

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On June 27th, 2024, Machu Picchu will proudly announce the renewal of its prestigious certification as the world’s first Carbon-Neutral UNESCO Designated Site, granted by the Green Initiative. This achievement follows a rigorous certification process that began in 2021, involving comprehensive analyses of scopes 1, 2, and 3 emissions. This time, the carbon footprint data will be compared to its baseline to verify its climate mitigation performance. Since its initial certification, Machu Picchu has been at the forefront of decarbonization efforts. Through a combination of innovative decarbonization practices such as the restoration of degraded areas, waste pyrolysis, biodiesel production from recycled oils, and the implementation of PET plastic and cardboard compactor plants, there are high expectations for the decarbonization results achieved. These efforts have also helped enhance local ecosystems by planting 6,596 native trees across 5 hectares. Recognized by UN Tourism, UNESCO, and other esteemed international bodies, Machu Picchu’s renewal as a Carbon-Neutral UNESCO Designated Site reaffirms its role as a global leader in climate action and circular economy practices. This achievement not only underscores Machu Picchu’s cultural and natural significance but also its unwavering dedication to preserving these treasures for future generations. Behind The Machu Picchu Certification In 2021, Green Initiative, in coordination with the District Municipality of Machu Picchu, along with the strategic collaboration from InkaTerra, AJE Group, SERNANP, and Promperu, certified Machu Picchu as the world’s first Carbon Neutral UNESCO Designated Site. The certification process included a comprehensive analysis of scopes 1, 2, and 3, totaling 7,143.51 tCO2. The certification aims to promote the decarbonization of Machu Picchu´s as as tourism destination, by enhancing public and private collaboration, positioning Machu Picchu as an international reference for climate action in tourism, aligned with the United Nations’ Glasgow Declaration. Additionally, the certification seeks to attract public and private financing to drive investment agendas that will enable the execution of Machu Picchu’s decarbonization plan. This plan will allow the destination to continue its journey towards decarbonization and fulfillment of international commitments under Green Initiative’s Carbon Neutral Certification. Moreover, the certification plays a crucial role in the international positioning of Machu Picchu and Peru as a leading destination, being the world’s first Carbon Neutral UNESCO Designated Site. The certification all generates additional opportunities that add value to Promperu’s and the private sector’s efforts to promote Machu Picchu nationally and internationally as the world’s first Carbon Neutral UNESCO Designated Site. For further updates on Machu Picchu’s journey towards carbon neutrality and sustainable tourism practices, visit greeninitiative.eco. Usefull links:

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The European Union’s Nature Restoration Law: A Model for Global Restoration Efforts?

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In a groundbreaking effort to tackle the dual crises of biodiversity loss and climate change, the European Union has adopted the Regulation on Nature Restoration. This new legislative framework is a pivotal component of the European Green Deal and the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, aiming to restore degraded ecosystems across the continent, enhance biodiversity, and strengthen climate resilience. Background and Objectives The Regulation responds to the urgent need to restore Europe’s natural habitats, which are in a state of decline due to various human activities, including intensive agriculture, urbanization, pollution, and climate change. It builds on existing conservation efforts under the EU Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive, expanding their scope and introducing legally binding restoration targets. Furthermore, the EU Regulation on Nature Restoration aligns seamlessly with the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030), a global initiative aimed at preventing, halting, and reversing the degradation of ecosystems worldwide. This UN initiative underscores the critical importance of large-scale restoration efforts in addressing biodiversity loss and climate change, themes that are echoed in the EU’s ambitious targets. This alignment not only reinforces the global urgency for ecosystem restoration but also positions the EU as a leader in driving international efforts towards a more sustainable and resilient future. Key Provisions The Regulation sets ambitious targets to restore degraded terrestrial, inland water, coastal, and marine ecosystems. By 2030, at least 30% of these ecosystems are to be under restoration, with a long-term goal of covering all ecosystems in need of restoration by 2050. Specific targets include: EU Member States must develop and implement national restoration plans, based on scientific evidence, that include measures to improve the condition of habitats and species listed in the Habitats and Birds Directives. Restoration measures should ensure continuous improvement until favorable conservation status is achieved. In addition, the Regulation highlights the link between biodiversity and climate change with restoration projects aimed at contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation, enhancing natural carbon sinks and increasing ecosystem resilience. Synergy with the European Climate Law is crucial, particularly its aim for climate neutrality by 2050. Special attention is given to marine habitats, with specific restoration actions mandated for marine species and habitats in alignment with the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Member States must report on their progress towards the restoration targets, using standardized indicators and methodologies. The European Environment Agency (EEA) will play a key role in supporting these efforts, ensuring transparency and accountability. The Regulation provides for financial support from various EU funding mechanisms, including the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), the LIFE Programme, and the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF). Incentives for private land conservation and sustainable management practices are also included. Challenges and Opportunities Implementing the Regulation will face several challenges. Adequate funding and technical expertise are essential for the success of restoration projects and technical and financial resources will need to be mobilized at scale to achieve the targets established. In addition, effective collaboration with local communities, farmers, foresters, and other stakeholders will be critical for success as implementation must reconcile ecological restoration with socio-economic activities, ensuring that restoration efforts do not unduly disrupt livelihoods. Yet, the opportunities are significant. Restored ecosystems can provide numerous benefits, including improved air and water quality, enhanced biodiversity, climate regulation, and increased resilience against natural disasters, and the restoration economy can create high-quality jobs and stimulate sustainable growth that lasts. Conclusion The EU Regulation on Nature Restoration represents a landmark step towards a sustainable future. By setting ambitious, legally binding targets for ecosystem restoration, the Regulation aims to reverse biodiversity loss, enhance climate resilience, and promote a healthier environment. Successful implementation will require concerted efforts from all Member States, robust scientific support, and active stakeholder participation. EU member states must begin planning to submit national restoration plans to the Commission, providing details on how they will deliver on the targets and monitor and report on their progress based on EU-wide biodiversity indicators. The adoption of the Regulation reaffirms that environmental sustainability remains a top priority for the EU despite recent electoral results, meaning that companies remain compelled to adopt sustainable business practices that minimize their environmental footprint and are nature positive. This adds to the heightened accountability companies now face, including from the perspective of financial disclosures on nature-related risks. Implementation across EU Member States will impact business operations significantly and will require companies to prepare to align their activities with evolving national regulations, which may mean adjusting current practices to comply with emerging standards. This signals a pivotal moment for EU businesses, which must plan ahead to adapt and innovate within a stricter environmental framework. Written by Frédéric Perron-Welch, from the Green Initiative team.

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