Bonito naMachu Picchu: Simba reMapatya Nzvimbo Dzakarongwa neUNESCO Kupayona Kuita Kwemamiriro ekunze muKushanya
Munguva iyo kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunounza matambudziko akakura kupasi redu, indasitiri yekushanya iri kusimuka kuti iite basa rakakosha mukudzikamisa maitiro ayo kuburikidza ne Glasgow Declaration yeClimate Action muKushanya. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, nzvimbo mbiri dzetsika uye ecotourism dziri kutungamira mukuita kwemamiriro ekunze mukushanya. Akanaka, iri muBrazilian Pantanal uye inozivikanwa sea UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, uye Machu Picchu, iri muPeruvia Andes uye inozivikanwa sea UNESCO Mixed World Heritage Site, batanidza maitiro akanaka ekuderedza mamiriro ekunze mumhando dzavo dzekusimudzira kushanya.
Mhedzisiro yakawanikwa kusvika pari zvino, kuburikidza nekupihwa kwemamiriro ekunze kwenzvimbo mbiri idzi, zvakagara zvichiratidza kuti kuburikidza neruzivo uye pragmatic chiito, kusimudzira kwekushanya muUNESCO Biosphere Reserves neMixed World Heritage Sites kunogona kufambidzana nekubvisa carbonization kwenzvimbo dzekushanya, zvichiunza zvinokanganisa hupfumi hwenzvimbo uye mamiriro ekunze.
Bonito naMachu Picchu: Marabhoritari Ekuita Kuderedza Mamiriro Ekunze uye Kuvandudza Unyanzvi
Bonito, iri kuMato Grosso do Sul, kuBrazil, yakasarudzwa kuti ive UNESCO Biosphere Reserve muna 2000. Bonito yagara ichishandiswa pakushanya kunogarisa, inozivikanwa nenzizi dzinopenya, mapopoma anoyevedza, uye zvinhu zvipenyu zvakawanda. Saizvozvo, Machu Picchu, muzinda wekare weIncan wakavakirwa mumakomo eAndes ePeru, yakaziviswa seUNESCO Mixed World Heritage Site muna 1983.
Mukubatana na Green Initiative, nzvimbo dzese dzeUNESCO, Bonito neMachu Picchu, vatanga rwendo rwekushandura kune net-zero emissions kuburikidza neyakaomarara mamiriro ekunze-certification maitiro anosanganisira:
- Kuyera kuenzana kwekabhoni emissions uye carbon capture;
- Kudzoreredza ecosystem yekudzoreredza mhuka dzesango uye kugadzirwa kwemikana yemari yakasvibira kunharaunda dzenzvimbo;
- Kuita kongiri zviito zvekudzikisa mamiriro ekunze zvine chekuita nekuderedza kusvibiswa kwekabhoni uye kuwedzera ruzivo rwenharaunda kune hupfumi hwedenderedzwa uye kuderedza mamiriro ekunze;
- Kubvisa kuburitsa kabhoni kwasara sechikamu chehurongwa hwekubvisa carbonization.
Muna 2021, nzvimbo yekushanya yeBonito yaive nehuwandu hwe17,829.42 tCO2eq emissions. Inosvika 51% yetsoka dzayo dzaive nechokuita nekudyiwa kwemafuta nemidziyo yepasi, senge mota nemabhazi anoshandiswa nevashanyi mukushanya kwavo. Chechipiri chikuru chekubuda kwaive kuparara kwezvisara zvakasimba (22.32%), zvichiteverwa nekushandiswa kwemagetsi (6.02%). Mukugadzirwa kweBonito's Climate Action Plan, zviito zvakati kuti zvakatsanangurwa kugadzirisa izvi zvakakosha zvinoburitsa, sekukurudzira kushandiswa kwemafuta emagetsi, kutendeuka uye kuwanikwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi, kuvandudzwa kwemarara muhurongwa hweveruzhinji, kubatanidzwa kwenharaunda muhupfumi hwedenderedzwa, uye kukwidziridzwa kwekutorwa kwekabhoni nekusimudzira kudzoreredza ecosystem.
Kune rimwe divi, muna 2022, Machu Picchu yakabudirira kudzikisa kuburitswa kwayo kusvika 7,117.55 tCO2eq, kuderera kwe18.77% kubva pagore rekutanga ra2019. Matanho mana akashandiswa kushandisazve marara anodzoserwa:
- A PET plastiki uye kadhibhodhi compactor chirimwa.
- Chimiro chebiodiesel chekugadzira mafuta emarara kubva kumaresitorendi.
- organic waste pyrolysis chirimwa chinogadzira biochar inoshandiswa nevarimi veko sechinzvimbo chenitrogen fetereza.
- Magirazi maviri anopwanya mabhodhoro kuita jecha rekuvaka nekushongedza.
Uyezve, motokari dzemagetsi dzakaunzwa kuti dzitakure tsvina yakagadzirwa, uye nzvimbo dzekuparadzanisa tsvina dzakasimbiswa munharaunda yose, pakati pezvimwe zviito. Nzira itsva dzekugadzirisa tsvina dzakaderedza zvakanyanya 40.80 tCO2eq, 2.5 nguva kupfuura muna 2019. Carbon yakatorwa kubva pakudzorerwa kwezvisikwa, apo 6,596 miti yekuzvarwa yakasimwa munzvimbo dzakasvibiswa, inotora 5,055.17 tCO2eq, yakatungamirira kune net emission balance ye 2,062.38CO2. Machu Picchu's carbon footprint yakagadziridzwa zvizere ne2,155 kabhoni kiredhiti kubva kuREDD+ Brazil Nut Concessions chirongwa neBosques Amazónicos (BAM), iyo inochengetedza anopfuura mazana matanhatu emakumi matanhatu mahekita emasango megadiverse uye inotsigira anopfuura mazana masere eAmazon Brazil mhuri dzinokohwa nzungu muMadre de Dios, Peru.
Nekubatanidza chiito chemamiriro ekunze mumhando dzemabhizinesi ekutanga, nzvimbo idzi dziri kuseta mitsva mitsva yekushanya kwakasimba munzvimbo dzeUNESCO. As Jose Salazar Ríos, Coordinator weCultural Sector kuUNESCO Peru, zvakakosha:
"Machu Picchu, imwe yenzvimbo dze13 World Heritage iyo Peru ine, muenzaniso unokurudzira wekuti kushanya kunogona kubatanidzwa sei nekuita kwemamiriro ekunze, nekudaro kunobatsira kusimba nekuchengetedza World Heritage."
Chiziviso cheGlasgow paClimate Action muKushanya
Chiziviso cheGlasgow cheKuita Kwemamiriro ekunze muKushanya idanho rakakosha rekuunganidza chikamu chekushanya kuti chiite zvine hungwaru pakushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Yakatangwa kuUN Climate Change Conference (COP26) muGlasgow, Declaration inosungira vanosaina kuti vaderedze nepakati kuburitswa kwa2030 uye kuwana zero net panosvika 2050 munguva pfupi yapfuura. Nekuenderana nenzira dzeChibvumirano cheParis, Chiziviso chinopa nzira yakajeka kune vane chekuita nekushanya kuti vabatanidze maitiro emamiriro ekunze mumhando dzebhizinesi ravo.
Inokurudzira kubatirana muindasitiri, kusimudzira kugovaniswa kweakanakisa maitiro, zviwanikwa, uye mhinduro nyowani kuti ikurumidze decarbonization. Bonito naMachu Picchu vatori vechikamu vane muenzaniso mubato repasi rose iri, vachiratidza kuti nzvimbo dzenhaka dzeUNESCO dzinogona sei kutungamirira nemuenzaniso mukubatanidza nzira dzakakwana dzemamiriro ekunze mumabasa avo ekushanya. Kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvakaita seizvi, Chiziviso cheGlasgow chine chinangwa chekubatanidza indasitiri yekushanya mukurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kukurudzira mubatanidzwa wekuchengetedza pasi redu kune zvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Simba reMapatya UNESCO Yakasarudzwa Nzvimbo muKuderedza Kwemamiriro ekunze
Kudyidzana pakati peBonito neMachu Picchu, semaguta ane hungwaru hwemamiriro ekunze, ane mukana wakakura wekudzikisa mamiriro ekunze uye kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi pasi rese. Nekugovana maitiro akanakisa, zviwanikwa, uye zvigadziriso zvitsva, vanogona kukwidziridza maitiro avo mukuderedza kuburitswa kwakanangana nekushanya uye kushanda sereferensi kune dzimwe UNESCO Yakarongerwa Saiti pasi rese. Maererano ne Sofia Gutierrez, Mutevedzeri Mukuru weSustainable Tourism kuUN Tourism:
"Chiitiko cheMachu Picchu seakasaina weGlasgow Declaration inogona kuve chirevo kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekushanya muPeru nepasirese. Pamusoro pekuve pfuma yechisikigo uye yetsika, Machu Picchu zvakare muenzaniso unokurudzira wekuti kukura kwekushanya uye decarbonization kunogona uye kunofanirwa kufambidzana."
Mikana Irikubuda
- Kuchinjana Ruzivo uye Kuvaka Unyanzvi: Nzvimbo dzese dziri mbiri dzekuenda dzinogona kubatsirwa nekupanana ruzivo pamusoro pemaitiro ekushanya anoenderera mberi, kuyerwa kwekabhoni tsoka, uye nzira dzekudzikisa dzinoshanda. Wekishopu dzakabatana, zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa, uye makonferensi anogona kusimudzira kugona kwevane chekuita nemunharaunda kuita uye kuchengetedza hurongwa hwekushanya husina hutsi hushoma.
- Shared Research uye Innovation: Mapurojekiti ekutsvagisa akabatana anogona kutsvaga mhinduro nyowani dzekudzikisa kuburitswa kwekushanya. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzira matekinoroji matsva ekugadzirisa marara, simba rinogoneka, uye kufambisa kwekufambisa. Bonito naMachu Picchu vanogona kuve hubhu dzekuvandudza mukushanya kwakaderera-emissions nekubatanidza zviwanikwa uye hunyanzvi.
- Community Engagement and Empowerment: Kupinza nharaunda munharaunda mukuita kwemamiriro ekunze kwakakosha pakubudirira kwezvirongwa zvekushanya zvinogara zviripo. Nzvimbo mbiri idzi dzinogona kushanda pamwechete kupa simba vagari kuburikidza nedzidzo, kudzidziswa, uye kutora chikamu mukuita sarudzo. Izvi zvinova nechokwadi chekuti zvakanakira kushanya kwemhepo yakaderera zvinogovaniswa zvakaenzana uye zvinobatsira kugarikano yenharaunda.
- Global Network Development: Fambisa kudyidzana kwakapararira uye kugovana ruzivo pakati Nzvimbo Dzakarongwa neUNESCO. Iyo network inosimudzira kutora yakagadzikana yekushanya maitiro uye maitiro emamiriro ekunze, ichikurudzira mubatanidzwa wekugadzirisa matambudziko epasirese ezvakatipoteredza. Kuburikidza neGlobal Network iyi, masayiti enhengo achawana mukana wepuratifomu yakabatana yekutsinhana maitiro akanaka, zviwanikwa, uye mhinduro itsva, nekudaro vachiwedzera kugona kwavo kufambisa budiriro yekushanya pasi rose.
Kufungisisa Kwekupedzisira
Bonito, seUNESCO Biosphere Reserve, uye Machu Picchu, seUNESCO Mixed World Heritage Site, ese ari Carbon Neutral nzvimbo, anogona kupa indasitiri yekushanya ruzivo rwakakosha mukurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Kusimbaradza kwavo kwekudyidzana kwenyika mbiri semapatya emamiriro ekunze ane mukana wekufambisa kufambira mberi mukuita decarbonizing kushanya uye kusimudzira budiriro inoenderera munharaunda nepasirese. Nekushanda pamwe chete, vanogona kukurudzira dzimwe nzvimbo kuti dzitevedzere, vachigadzira ripple mhedzisiro inobatsira kune inogadzikana uye inosimba pasi. Sezvatinotarisa kune ramangwana, kudyidzana kwaBonito naMachu Picchu kunoshanda sechiratidzo chesimba rekubatana mukugadzirisa matambudziko ari kunetsa ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Pamwe chete, vari kuchengetedza nhaka yavo yechisikigo uye yetsika uye kugadzira nzira yenguva nyowani yekushanya kwekushomeka kwemhepo.
rakanyorwa Erika Rumiche, kubva ku Green Initiative chikwata.
