Ukusekela emuva kusuka ku-Net-Zero: Nini Ukufuna Isifiso Esisekelwe Esayensini

Ukuqondaniswa kwe-Net-zero kumelela izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lesifiso sezulu sezinhlangano zanamuhla. Nakuba izinkampani eziningi ziqala ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, amabhizinisi ahamba phambili asebenzisa indlela yamasu eyaziwa ngokuthi i-backcasting. Le ndlela iqala ngombono wekusasa elisuselwe ku-carbon futhi isebenza emuva ukuthola izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokufinyelela lowo mgomo namuhla. Ezikhungweni zezimali, i-backcasting isebenza njengethuluzi eliyinhloko lokuhlonza ababoleki abazinikele ngempela ekuzinzeni kwesikhathi eside kanye noshintsho oluhlelekile.

Ukuhlela ibhizinisi lendabuko kuvame ukuncika ekubikezeleni, okubonisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi esizayo ngokusekelwe ezindleleni zamanje kanye nedatha yomlando. Nakuba kuwusizo ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi esifushane, ukubikezela kuvame ukwehluleka ukubheka izinguquko ezinkulu ezidingekayo ekushintsheni kwamandla emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuhlaziya emuva kuxazulula le nkinga ngokugxilisa inqubo yokuhlela endaweni eqondile, esekelwe kwisayensi, njengokufinyelela ukukhishwa kwegesi okungenayo i-net-zero ngo-2050. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ingqophamlando yesikhashana inegalelo ngqo emgomweni wokugcina.

Kungani Ukuhlehlisa Izinto Kubalulekile Ezezimali Zesimo Sezulu

Izandla zochwepheshe bezezimali ziphethe ithebhulethi ebonisa uMbiko Wengozi Yokuguquka Kwesimo Sezulu onegrafu yokwehla kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni, ekhombisa isifiso esisekelwe kwisayensi. — Ukufaka i-Backcasting kuvumela ababolekisi ukuqinisekisa isifiso somboleki se-Net-Zero ngokuhlonza izinguquko zesakhiwo ezidingekayo ukunciphisa izingozi zokuguquka.

The indlela yokuguqula isimo sezulu sibe yingemuva kubalulekile ekunciphiseni izingozi zokuguquka ngaphakathi kwephothifoliyo yezezimali. Njengoba imithethonqubo yomhlaba wonke iqina futhi amanani ekhabhoni enyuka, amabhizinisi athembele engcupheni yokubikezela eqhubekayo aba yimpahla elahlekile. Ukuhlehlisa emuva kuphoqa inhlangano ukuthi ibhekane nezinguquko zesakhiwo ezidingekayo ukuze isinde emnothweni onekhabhoni ephansi.

Izikhungo zezimali zisebenzisa le ndlela ukuqinisekisa "isifiso se-Net-Zero" samakhasimende azo amakhulu. Ihlinzeka ngohlaka oluqinile lokuqinisekisa ukuthi imigomo yesikhathi eside yenkampani ingaphezu nje kwezimangalo zokumaketha. Ngokufuna isifiso esisekelwe kwisayensi, ababolekisi bavikela imali yabo ekushintsheni kokuphela kukaphethiloli.

Indlela Yokusebenzisa Inqubo Yokuphonsa I-Backcasting

Abaphathi ababili bezinkampani ehhovisi lesimanje bahlaziya umhlahlandlela weminyaka eyi-10 wokususa i-carbonization (2026-2036) odwetshwe odongeni lwengilazi, okubonisa ukuguquka kusuka esisekelweni samanje kuya emgomweni osekelwe kwisayensi ongenazithiyo. — Ngokusebenza emuva kusukela emgomweni ka-2036, izinhlangano zingabona "igebe lokusungula izinto ezintsha" futhi zibeke izinyathelo zesikhashana ezihlangabezana nendlela yokunciphisa ngokuphelele.

Ukusebenzisa uhlaka lokubuyisela emuva kudinga ushintsho endleleni yokucabanga yenhlangano kusuka “kulokho okungenzeka” kuya “kulokho okudingekayo.” Ababolekisi kufanele babheke lezi zinyathelo ezinhlanu ezilandelayo ohlelweni lwesu lomboleki.

Isinyathelo 1: Chaza Isimo Sesikhathi Esizayo Esifiselekayo

Inqubo iqala ngencazelo ecacile, enqunyelwe isikhathi yempumelelo. Ezinhlanganweni eziningi, lesi yisimo lapho ukukhishwa kwe-GHG kunciphisa khona kube okungenani, lapho noma yikuphi ukukhishwa kwe-carbon okusele kuncishiswa khona ngokususwa kwekhabhoni esezingeni eliphezulu. Umboleki kumele acacise unyaka okuhlosiwe, ngokuvamile u-2040 noma u-2050, ngokuvumelana neSivumelwano saseParis.

Isinyathelo 2: Chaza Imodeli Yebhizinisi Engasuswanga Ikhabhoni

Inhlangano kumele ichaze ukuthi izosebenza kanjani onyakeni ohlosiwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlonza imithombo yamandla eyinhloko, izinga lokusebenza kahle kwamandla okufinyelelwe, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe okudingekayo. Isibonelo, umenzi angase acabange ngesimo sesikhathi esizayo lapho ukushisa kwenqubo okungu-100% kuvela ku-hydrogen eluhlaza.

Isinyathelo 3: Sebenza Ubuyele Emuva Ukuze Uthole Izinyathelo Ezibalulekile Zokuhlela

Uma indawo isicacile, inhlangano isebenza emuva ukuze ibeke imigomo yesikhashana. Lezi zinyathelo zisebenza njengezindawo zokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inkampani ihlala endleleni esekelwe kwisayensi. Izikhawu ezivamile zifaka phakathi imigomo yeminyaka emi-5 kanye neminyaka eyi-10 ehlangabezana nezidingo ze indlela yokufinyela ngokuphelele.

Isinyathelo 4: Yenza Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Gap

Ngokuqhathanisa isimo sesikhathi esizayo nesisekelo sokusebenza samanje, umboleki ukhomba "igebe lokusungula izinto ezintsha." Lesi sinyathelo siqokomisa izindawo ezithile lapho ibhizinisi lidinga khona ubuchwepheshe obusha, izinguquko zenqubomgomo, noma ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu. Ukuthola lezi zikhala kusenesikhathi kuvumela izikhungo zezimali ukuthi zakhe imikhiqizo efanele yezimali zesimo sezulu ukuze ziyivale.

Isinyathelo 5: Thuthukisa Uhlelo Lokusebenza Olusheshayo

Isinyathelo sokugcina ukuhumusha umbono wesikhathi eside ube imisebenzi yokusebenza ngokushesha. Lokhu kuphumela kuHlelo Lokusebenza Lokunciphisa Isimo Sezulu (i-CMAP) oluchaza ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhethekile okudingekayo ezinyangeni eziyi-12 kuya kwezingama-36 ezizayo. Lolu hlelo kumele luhambisane nobubanzi Izindlela Zokubeka Izinhloso Ezisekelwe Esayensini.

Isikhathi Sokufuna Ukuxoshwa Kwababoleki

Isithombe sezakhiwo sezinga eliphezulu sesitshalo sezimboni sesimanje esinengqalasizinda ehlanganisiwe ye-hydrogen eluhlaza kanye ne-carbon capture, esibonisa isifiso esisekelwe kwisayensi emikhakheni enomthelela omkhulu. — Imikhakha enomthelela omkhulu njengokukhiqiza insimbi kanye namandla idinga indlela yokubuyisela emuva ukuze ivumelanise ingqalasizinda yesikhathi eside nekusasa elingenayo i-carbon.

Kuyilapho Indlela yokubheka phambili kufanelekile kuma-SME amaningi, izimo ezithile zidinga indlela eqinile yokudlulisa imali emuva. Ababolekisi kufanele babeke phambili ukudlulisa imali emuva ezimweni ezilandelayo:

Imikhakha Enomthelela OmkhuluIzimboni ezifana nosimende, insimbi, ezokuthutha ezisindayo, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla zinemiphumela emikhulu yekhabhoni futhi kumele zibonise ukuvumelana okucacile noshintsho oluhlelekile.
Ababolekisi Bezinkampani EzinkuluIzinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zinamandla obuchwepheshe kanye nezezimali okwenza ucwaningo olujulile futhi zivame ukuba ngaphansi kwemithetho eqinile yokubika.
Ukuxhaswa Ngezimali Kwengqalasizinda Yesikhathi Eside: Amaphrojekthi anesikhathi sokuphila esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 kumele “avikelwe esikhathini esizayo” ngokumelene nomhlaba ongenazo zonke izinto ukuze kugwenywe ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kusenesikhathi.
Abakhiphi be-Green Bond kanye ne-Sustainability-Linked BondUkuze balondoloze ukuzethemba kwabatshalizimali futhi bagweme izingozi zokuhlanza imvelo, abakhiphi kumele babonise ukuthi imigomo yabo isekelwe kwezesayensi.

Izinzuzo Zokunciphisa Ingozi Zezikhungo Zezezimali

Ukufuna isifiso esisekelwe kwisayensi ngokufaka i-backcasting kunikeza izinzuzo ezintathu ezibalulekile kuphothifoliyo yombolekisi:

Ukulungela UkulawulaAbaboleki abasebenzisa i-backcasting bakulungele kangcono izinguquko ezisheshayo zentela yekhabhoni, imikhawulo yokukhishwa kwegesi, kanye nemithetho yokudalula ephoqelekile.
Ubuholi Kwezobuchwepheshe: Le ndlela ikhuthaza ukwamukelwa kusenesikhathi kobuchwepheshe obusebenzisa ikhabhoni ephansi, okuvame ukuholela ezindleleni zokusebenza eziphansi phakathi nomjikelezo wokuphila kwephrojekthi.
Ikhwalithi Yesikweletu Ethuthukisiwe: Izinhlangano ezinemephu yomgwaqo ecacile, esekelwe kwisayensi zibonisa ukuphathwa okunesu okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesikhathi eside, okunciphisa ingozi yesikweletu iyonke yesikhungo sezezimali.

Isiphetho

The indlela yokuguqula isimo sezulu sibe yingemuva kuyindinganiso yegolide yezinhlangano ezihlose ubuholi be-Net-Zero. Ngokuqala ngomqondo wokugcina, amabhizinisi adlulela ngale kokukhula kancane kancane futhi aqale umsebenzi ojulile wokuguqula. Ezikhungweni zezimali, ukuqinisekisa lesi sifiso kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvumelanisa amaphothifoliyo nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu somhlaba wonke nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezezimali kwesikhathi eside.