Machu Picchu - Peru
Urubamba Hotspot - Cusco Impact Region.
Machu Picchu - Urubamba - Cusco Impact region
Isifunda saseCusco, esiseningizimu-mpumalanga yePeru, sinendawo engu-71,987 km2, emele amaphesenti angu-5.6 wendawo kazwelonke. Inezifundazwe eziyishumi nantathu (13), izifunda eziyi-112 naphakathi kwaleyo miphakathi engama-87. Isibalo sabantu siyizakhamuzi eziyi-1 369 932 (isilinganiso se-INEI ukuya ku-2021), ngezinga lokukhula lika-1.3% kanye nokuminyana kwabantu abangu-18.3 nge-km2 ngayinye.
Indawo yomthelela oqondile yisifunda sase-Machu Picchu, esihlanganisa indawo engu-374,000 km2 (37,400 has), enokuphakama okungamamitha angu-2,078 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, lapho i-National Archaeological Park yase-Machu Picchu kanye ne-Historic Sanctuary yase-Machu Picchu ikhona.
Le ndawo ingaphakathi kwendawo ezungezile “yeYungas”, phakathi kwehlathi eliguquguqukayo, indawo ekahle eyenza kube nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi ama-orchid (izinhlobo ezingu-372 zendabuko ezibhalisiwe), ama-ferns, ama-bromeliad ne-heliconia.
Ukwenyuka kwezinsongo zemvelo kanye nemisebenzi yemvelo efana nokudilika kwenhlabathi, izikhukhula “ama-huaycos”, ukushiswa kwehlathi, ukucekelwa phansi kwezitshalo, njengokugawulwa kwezihlahla ukuze uthole izinkuni, ukugawulwa kwezihlahlana nezitshalo ezinamakhambi, kubangela ukugawulwa kwehlathi kuka-Machu Picchu nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo.
Lezi zinsongo zingafingqwa kanje:
Amahektha angama-600 agawuliwe
Amahektha angu-2000 athintwe imililo yamahlathi
60% ukulahleka kwemithombo yamanzi (aquifers)
Izinkomba Zomthelela
Izindawo lapho kuzotshalwa khona kabusha amahlathi zinento ephilayo encane kakhulu, imiqansa egugulwe imililo yamahlathi nokudilika kwenhlabathi, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezincane.
Lezi zizogadwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, ukuze kuqinisekiswe inqubekelaphambili yazo kanye nokususwa kokhula endaweni ezikhula kuyo (i-plateo). Isithombo esifile sizoshintshwa, ukuze kugcinwe inani lezinhlobo ezitshaliwe.
Izilwane kanye neFlora ezitholakala kule ndawo yilezi:
IZINHLOBO EZISENGOZINI KAKHULU (CR)
I-Palm
I-Ceroxylon sp
Qolle
I-Buddleja coriacea
I-Quishuar
Buddleja incana
Queñua
I-Polylepis incana
I-Orchid
I-Masdevallia karineae
Isicathulo sikaQueen
I-Phragmipedium caudatum
IZINHLOBO EZISENGOZINI (EN)
Q'ñoa
I-Swietenia macrophyla
IZINHLOBO EZIYINGOZI (VU)
UMolle
I-Schinus pearcei
Chachacomo
I-Scallonia racemosa
I-Alder
I-Alnus acuminate
Tara
I-Caesalpinia spinose
Palmiche
I-Andícola geonoma
I-fern yesihlahla
I-Cyathea caracasna
Tulip
Anguluoa virginalis
I-Orchid
I-Brachionidium machupichuensis
Qhathanisa
I-Comparettia falcate
I-Gongora
I-Gongora rufescens
Wakanki
I-Masdevallia veitchiana
I-Orchid
I-Odontoglossum machupichuensis
I-Orchid
I-Odontoglossum praestans
I-Orchid
I-Prosthechea fusca
I-Orchid
I-Stanhopea nigriceps
I-Orchid
I-Trichopilia fragrans
IZINHLOBO EZISEDUZE EZISETHUBENI (NT)
Walnut
I-Juglans neotropica
Imbali yeCantuta
I-Cantua buxifolia
izilwane ezincelisayo
Ibhere lase-Andean
I-Odontoglossum praestans
Igundane le-Machupicchu
Cuscomy oblativa
Ikati lase-Andean
I-Leopardus jacobitus
Puma
I-Puma concolor
izinyoni
Iqhude lamadwala
I-Rupicola Peruviana
Umbukeli
I-Momotus aequatorialis
Imithelela emihle yephrojekthi esifundeni
Inhloso eyinhloko ukubuyisela amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nokubeka kuqala izinhlobo ezivikelwe, ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza ngokusebenzisa impova kanye nokusakazwa kwezakhi zofuzo, ukutshala izinhlobo zamapulangwe kuhlanganiswe nokhokho nezinye izihlahla zezithelo.
Mayelana nezilwane zasendle, lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zivikelwe ngeSimemezelo Esiphakeme esinguNombolo 004-2014-MINAGRI, esigunyaza ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo Zezilwane Zasendle Ezisengcupheni futhi esivimbela ukuzingela kwazo, ukubamba, ukutholakala kwazo, ukuthutha noma ukuthekelisa ngezinjongo zentengiso. Futhi i-Wild Flora ivikelwe yi-Supreme Decree No. 043-2006-AG (igunyaza ukufakwa ngezigaba kwe-Endangered Species of Wild Flora),