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How Bonito, Brazil and FundTur (State Tourism Authority) Created the World’s First Carbon Neutral Ecotourism Destination, And What It Means for Tourism Worldwide

A small Brazilian municipality and state-level vision proved that tourism growth and decarbonization aren’t just compatible, they’re mutually reinforcing When the UN declared climate urgency in March 2021, followed by the Glasgow Declaration on Climate Action in Tourism that November, the global tourism industry faced a fundamental challenge: how to reconcile economic growth with climate responsibility. The goals were clear, commitments were made, but concrete examples of practical implementation were scarce. Then came Bonito, a municipality of 24,761 inhabitants in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. What happened there over the following three years would fundamentally change the conversation about sustainable tourism. Bonito built a replicable model that proves destinations can grow their visitor numbers while simultaneously reducing their carbon footprint. The results speak for themselves: 52.49% growth in visitor arrivals alongside a 4.65% reduction in emissions per tourist. For an industry searching for proof that climate action and economic development can coexist, Bonito became the living laboratory the world needed. The Vision That Started It All Bruno Wendling, Executive Director of the Mato Grosso do Sul Tourism Foundation (FUNDTUR), saw what others missed. While most destinations viewed climate certification as a cost center or marketing exercise, Wendling recognized a historic opportunity. Mato Grosso do Sul possessed unique conditions: three distinct biomes (Cerrado, Pantanal and Atlantic Forest) including areas in Bonito that are part of the core zone boundaries of the Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve, decades of consolidated ecotourism experience, and most importantly, Bonito, a global icon of sustainable tourism that had demonstrated for over 30 years how territorial organization could simultaneously promote environmental conservation, economic development, and effective governance. But the vision transcended simply certifying one municipality. The goal was to position Brazil as a global leader in climate solutions for tourism, establishing a demonstrative laboratory that would prove, with measurable data and replicable methodology, that tourism growth and decarbonization could walk hand in hand. A Partnership Model That Works The genius of the approach lies in its structure. Instead of a siloed initiative, a tripartite partnership was established that combined three complementary forces. FUNDTUR brought state-level institutional articulation, long-term strategic vision, and the capacity to create necessary political and technical conditions. Bonito’s certification represented the first step in the tourism sector’s contribution to a broader state strategy: making Mato Grosso do Sul carbon neutral by 2030. The Municipality of Bonito assumed local implementation, providing detailed operational data, infrastructure, and community engagement. The municipality already had decades of experience with carrying capacity control systems, mature collaborative governance, and solid international reputation in sustainability. Green Initiative completed the tripod with proven international technical expertise, having previously certified Machu Picchu (UNESCO World Heritage Site, Peru) as a carbon neutral destination. The organization offered methodology based on international standards (GHG Protocol, IPCC guidelines, ISO 14064-1:2018) with flexibility for adaptation to Brazilian reality while maintaining scientific rigor. This strategic convergence created exceptional conditions: a partner with systemic state vision, a territory with ideal conditions to serve as a pilot, and internationally proven technical expertise. A Vision for Brazilian Leadership Bruno Wendling, Executive Director of FundTur (Mato Grosso do Sul State Tourism Foundation), reflects on the strategic vision behind the initiative: “When we launched this project in 2021, we weren’t just thinking about certifying one destination. We were thinking about positioning Mato Grosso do Sul as a global leader in climate solutions for tourism. Mato Grosso do Sul has unique conditions: three strategic biomes, decades of ecotourism excellence, and Bonito as a living laboratory. But what really matters is proving that sustainable tourism isn’t a cost, it’s an investment that generates measurable returns. Our goal extends far beyond Bonito. We’re building the foundation for Mato Grosso do Sul to become carbon neutral by 2030, and creating a replicable model that can transform tourism across Brazil and internationally. The results speak for themselves: more visitors, less emissions per tourist, international recognition, and most importantly, a clear pathway for other destinations to follow. Climate action isn’t optional anymore. Destinations that act now will lead tomorrow’s tourism market. Those that wait will find themselves left behind. It’s important to emphasize that this all began as a state-level strategy. Mato Grosso do Sul has been increasing its productivity while simultaneously expanding planted forest areas on lands that were previously degraded pastures. Tourism has become a powerful force for giving visibility to this transformation. We’re leading by example, and the private sector is responding. Local entrepreneurs are embracing the climate agenda, with businesses like Grupo Rio da Prata certifying their attractions. What started as a public sector initiative has inspired the entire tourism industry. FundTur became a reference point for entrepreneurs themselves, demonstrating that when government leads with concrete action, the market follows.” The Results That Changed Everything Let’s talk numbers, but more importantly, let’s understand what they really mean. Environmental Impact Between 2021 and 2023, Bonito achieved: This last figure transformed the entire narrative about forest conservation. It’s no longer just about protecting the environment for ethical or regulatory reasons; preserved forests became a measurable economic asset, an integral part of the local tourism business model. In waste management, 758 tons of organic waste were composted between 2022 and 2024, producing 189 tons of compost and avoiding methane emissions. This circular economy doesn’t just reduce emissions — it creates value and transforms problems into solutions. International Recognition The work didn’t go unnoticed: More than trophies, these recognitions represent something crucial: internationally established technical credibility. This credibility opens doors to future access to international climate financing resources like the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and Global Environment Facility (GEF), while attracting private investments from the growing ESG market. Spontaneous media coverage exceeded one million dollars in equivalent value, positioning Bonito, and by extension, Brazil, as a global protagonist in climate solutions for tourism. Social and Economic Impact The 313,316 tourists who visited Bonito in 2023 experienced carbon neutral tourism and participated in climate education programs, becoming multipliers of the message that different tourism is possible. Over 100 professionals were trained

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Reputation, Soft Power, and Multilevel Governance: Tourism as a driver of the decarbonization economy

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The Paris Agreement set an ambitious target: limiting global warming to 1.5°C by 2050. To achieve this, governments, companies, and society must act in coordination — and tourism, responsible for nearly 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions, is a critical part of the equation. At Green Initiative, we believe climate action goes beyond carbon accounting. It is also about reputation, soft power, and regenerative prosperity. As we often say: “We translate carbon into reputation, connecting territories to narratives of impact, and building bridges between climate action, trust, and the future.” The Reputation Economy in action We live in the era of the Reputation Economy: organizations and territories are evaluated by the trust they inspire, the consistency between discourse and practice, and their ability to generate positive impact. In this context, decarbonization is also a reputational strategy. Destinations that commit to transparent climate action not only reduce emissions but also earn legitimacy and influence. Reputation is the bridge that connects climate ambition, governance, and long-term competitiveness. Multilevel Governance as a differentiator & Soft Power The transition to carbon-neutral destinations requires multilevel governance: aligning local community commitments with national policies, multilateral frameworks, and global investors. This is the foundation of the Climate Action Guide for Tourism Businesses and Destinations, launched by Green Initiative in collaboration with UNEP, UN Tourism, UNCTAD, UNFCCC, and Brazilian partners. More than a technical tool, the guide is a political instrument: by strengthening collective commitments, it enhances the reputation of destinations and opens access to climate finance. Bonito, Brazil (MS) became the world’s first ecotourism destination to achieve carbon-neutral certification. Machu Picchu, Peru has also reached this milestone and will reaffirm it in November during the Climate Talks Machu Picchu 2025. More than a ceremony, the event will serve as a platform to discuss governance, sustainable logistics, and international reputation, showing how tourism can lead in decarbonization. The reputation challenge in Carbon markets A recent Nasdaq study stressed the urgency of scaling and ensuring liquidity in carbon markets. For tourism, this means the viability of decarbonization models depends not only on emission reductions but also on credible compensation mechanisms. The reputation of carbon credits will be the key dividing line between projects that deliver real impact and those at risk of greenwashing. This is why Green Initiative ensures certified, traceable, and internationally recognized credits, aligning tourism destinations with robust governance practices and investor expectations. November in Machu Picchu: a global milestone From November 4–6, 2025, Machu Picchu will host the 3rd Carbon Neutral Certification Ceremony, alongside the launch of Peru’s first Carbon Neutral Tourism Corridor, connecting Cusco, Machu Picchu, and Choquequirao. This moment comes at the right time: while operational challenges highlight the need to enhance visitor experience, the event demonstrates how to move forward with structured responses — combining decarbonization, reliable logistics, and transparent governance. The World Heritage and Emblemátic Sites Coalition – Climate Action in Tourism will be more than a climate commitment: it will be an invitation to continuous improvement in destination management, balancing preservation, access, and reputation. Held just days before COP30 in Belém, Brazil, the event will reinforce that cultural and natural heritage sites can lead the global climate agenda, translating soft power into cooperation and regenerative prosperity. According to UNESCO, climate change is already threatening many of the planet’s most iconic cultural and natural heritage sites. One in six World Heritage properties faces direct risks from climate impacts, while a third of World Heritage cities are located in coastal zones exposed to sea-level rise and extreme weather. By 2050, one third of the glaciers in these sites may disappear, and nearly all coral reefs within World Heritage areas are projected to experience major bleaching events. These alarming figures underscore the urgency of integrating climate governance and sustainable tourism into preservation strategies, ensuring that destinations like Machu Picchu not only safeguard their heritage but also lead global adaptation and mitigation efforts. Three reputation lessons for tourism destinations By integrating governance, reputation, and climate action, Green Initiative positions itself as a leader in a pioneering movement: turning destinations into ambassadors of the transition toward a climate-positive planet. In November, Machu Picchu will consolidate this model — and in Belém, during COP30, tourism can assert itself as a powerful platform for influence, trust, and sustainable competitiveness. This article was written by Karla de Melo from the Green Initiative Team. Related Reading

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Machu Picchu’s Carbon-Neutral Pathway: Transparent MRV for Climate and Tourism

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Machu Picchu, Peru’s iconic UNESCO World Heritage Site, became the world’s first carbon-neutral certified tourism destination. This case study examines how the District Municipality of Machu Picchu, in collaboration with Inkaterra and under the technical coordination of Green Initiative, implemented a transparent, science-based system to measure, capture, reduce, and avoid greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Supported by local authorities and private sector partners, the initiative has achieved an independently verified 18.77% reduction in emissions since its initial certification in 2021. Background and Challenges Machu Picchu – a UNESCO heritage site – is the most famous archaeological site in South America and a major international tourism destination. It faces significant environmental risks due to unsustainable tourism practices, climate change, inadequate infrastructure, and policy gaps. Its Andean cloud forest ecosystem – home to rare species such as the Andean spectacled bear and orchids – is threatened by habitat loss, erosion, and shifting climate patterns. Additionally, fossil fuel use, unmanaged waste, and deforestation contribute to emissions. Maintaining its carbon-neutral status requires transparent measurement, nature-based solutions, improved infrastructure, and long-term environmental stewardship. Governance and Strategy The success of Machu Picchu’s decarbonization strategy lies in a robust multi-stakeholder governance model. Led by the District Municipality of Machu Picchu, the initiative included Inkaterra, CANATUR, The National Authority for Forest Conservation (Sernanp), International Promotion Agency (PROMPERÚ), AJE Group, TetraPak and international bodies such as UN Tourism, UNFCCC and UNESCO. Green Initiative coordinated the certification process.The climate strategy follows a three-tiered approach: Destination-level emissions accounting and planning; Business-level sustainability integration; Tourist-level engagement in carbon offsetting and restoration. This model, featured by Green Initiative at Climate Action Guide for Tourism Businesses and Destinations, available at the One Planet Network, positions tourism as a regenerative force for both climate and biodiversity. https://www.oneplanetnetwork.org/knowledge-centre/resources/climate-action-guide-tourism-businesses-and-destinations Climate Actions, Results, and Innovation Since 2019, Machu Picchu has developed a comprehensive decarbonization strategy, achieving an 18.77% reduction in its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions — from 8,761.89 tCO₂eq in 2019 to 7,117.55 tCO₂eq in 2022. This transformation has been made possible through the implementation of innovative solutions and concrete actions, articulated under a regenerative tourism model. The main mitigation measures include: Ecological restoration and reforestation with native species have been carried out across more than five hectares of the district, with a total of 6,596 trees planted. This intervention captured 5,055.17 tCO₂eq, divided between ecological zones (156 tCO₂eq) and historic-cultural zones linked to tourism (4,899.17 tCO₂eq). Circular solid waste management in Machu Picchu includes a pyrolysis plant that transforms organic waste into biochar and a biodiesel plant that reuses cooking oil. The district also has a PET compactor, glass crushers for construction reuse, and recycling bins distributed throughout the area. These actions enable waste valorization, reduce emissions, and promote good practices among residents and visitors.Sustainable transport initiatives include the use of electric vehicles for waste collection, reducing an additional 40.80 tCO₂eq. Emission measurement and management (Scopes 1, 2, and 3) are conducted using scientifically verifiable methodologies, with a focus on Scope 1 emissions, which account for 82.08% of the total, primarily from fossil fuel use in tourist trains, responsible for 63.49% of all emissions.Residual emissions were offset through the purchase of 2,155 carbon credits from the REDD+ Brazil Nut Concessions project in Madre de Dios, implemented by BAM. This project protects 600,000 hectares of forest and benefits over 800 families. These actions are complemented by awareness efforts targeting tourists and operators, the promotion of renewable energy, and the encouragement of sustainable tourism practices, positioning Machu Picchu as a pioneering low-carbon tourism model, recognized by the United Nations and recertified for climate performance in 2024. Impacts and Recognition Through public-private partnerships, emission reductions were complemented by strengthened governance, circular economy systems, and green infrastructure. Machu Picchu was presented at COP16 as a flagship for regenerative tourism, generating over $5 million in spontaneous media coverage and reaching more than 100 countries. It was awarded South America’s Leading Tourist Attraction 2024 and highlighted at the UN Biodiversity Conference.The initiative demonstrates double materiality – reducing climate risk while generating value for visitors, communities, and investors. As highlighted by the One Planet Network (2024), it also aligns with global frameworks like the Glasgow Declaration and Climate Neutral Now. The project seeks to attract climate finance and scale the model to other sites. Conclusion Machu Picchu shows that even fragile heritage sites can reconcile tourism with environmental protection. Its 18.77% verified emissions reduction, forest restoration, and innovations in waste and mobility position it as a global climate leader. Already inspiring similar actions in Cristo Redentor and the Taj Mahal, the initiative presents a replicable model for regenerative tourism.For policymakers, businesses, and communities, the case of Machu Picchu offers more than inspiration – it offers a call to action: to shift from extractive tourism to restorative, climate-responsible travel. This article was prepared by Erika Rumiche, Virna Chavez, Musye Lusen and Ella Baehringer from the Green Initiative team. Related Reading

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Machu Picchu Achieves Significant Reduction in Carbon Emissions Since 2021 Certification

Machu Picchu’s Journey to Carbon Neutrality: Acelerating public and private decarbonization investments

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Machu Picchu, Peru – Leading Climate Action in Tourism Amidst the lush Peruvian Andes, Machu Picchu—one of the world’s most iconic cultural and natural landmarks—is redefining what it means to be a sustainable travel destination. With over 1.5 million visitors each year, the challenge was immense—but the will to act was even greater. In a recent interview for the Observatorio de Descarbonización y Economía Circular of the Cámara Nacional de Turismo (CANATUR), Elvis La Torre, Mayor of the District Municipality of Machu Picchu, shared the region’s ambitious climate goals, achievements to date, and critical lessons for the global tourism sector. A Bold Start: Why Machu Picchu Chose Decarbonization The decarbonization project officially began in 2021, led by the District Municipality of Machu Picchu, in collaboration with Inkaterra Asociación and Green Initiative. The decision was made in response to the urgent need to reduce the environmental impact of mass tourism and to shape a more resilient, sustainable development model following the COVID-19 crisis. Using 2019 as the baseline year, Machu Picchu began the Carbon Neutral Certification process and soon became the first UNESCO World Heritage Site to earn this recognition. In 2022, the destination became a signatory of the Glasgow Declaration on Climate Action in Tourism, further reinforcing its leadership in climate-smart tourism. “This certification, led by Green Initiative, gave us the opportunity to position Machu Picchu as a global leader in climate-intelligent tourism,” said Mayor La Torre in the CANATUR interview. Tangible Climate Results: From Waste to Regeneration To date, the outcomes have been remarkable: These milestones were achieved through robust collaboration among public and private stakeholders. Notably, Inkaterra, Grupo AJE, WorldXchange and Tetra Pak played key roles in implementing circular solutions. Luz del Sur provided technical assistance, while CANATUR offered strategic support, reinforcing strong climate governance. Additionally, Machu Picchu’s carbon footprint has been fully offset with 2,155 carbon credits from the REDD+ Brazil Nut Concessions project by Bosques Amazónicos (BAM), which protects over 600,000 hectares of megadiverse forests and supports more than 800 Amazon Brazil nut harvesting families in Madre de Dios, Peru. What’s Next: Scaling Impact and Inclusion Despite significant progress, major challenges remain. Chief among them is the need to expand both public and private financing to scale up the most impactful decarbonization initiatives—such as energy efficiency in tourism services and large-scale ecosystem restoration. Equally important is the continuous strengthening of existing programs, particularly those involving waste management through circular economy principles and the transition to clean energy. Most critically, there is a growing need to increase the active participation of local communities and businesses. Their involvement will be essential to ensure that this regenerative and carbon-neutral tourism model becomes permanent and self-sustaining. “The active participation of all stakeholders will be key to consolidating a regenerative and carbon-neutral tourism model that stands the test of time,” affirmed Mayor La Torre. A Model for the World Machu Picchu’s decarbonization journey is more than a local success story—it is a global call to action. As destinations worldwide face the escalating impacts of climate change, Machu Picchu proves that protecting heritage, supporting local livelihoods, and leading in climate action can go hand in hand. By embracing bold decisions, inclusive governance, and science-based climate solutions, Machu Picchu is charting a path toward a climate and nature-positive future—one that others can follow. 📌 Learn More & Get Involved Is your destination or organization ready to take the next step toward climate and nature-positive leadership? Discover how our certification and advisory services can help you generate measurable impact. 📩 Contact our team This article was written by Yves Hemelryck from the Green Initiative team Related Reading

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The Roadmap to Net Zero: How Travel & Tourism Can Lead the Decarbonization Effort

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The travel and tourism industry contributes nearly 8% of global carbon emissions, making it a key sector in the fight against climate change. To transition toward a net zero future, businesses must move beyond carbon offsetting and integrate climate action directly into their operations. The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) has developed a Net Zero Roadmap, outlining a strategic framework for decarbonization. This roadmap provides a clear pathway for businesses to measure, reduce, and report emissions, ensuring a transition to climate and nature-positive tourism. The Role of Technology in Accelerating Climate Action Technology is a powerful tool in achieving carbon measurement, emissions reduction, and regenerative tourism. The WTTC’s Roadmap to Net Zero highlights key areas where digital innovation can support decarbonization efforts. Key Technological Innovations for Net Zero Green Initiative’s Contribution Green Initiative integrates technology-driven monitoring solutions into carbon-measured climate projects, ensuring emissions reductions are scientifically verified. Through satellite tracking and digital reporting, companies can transparently monitor carbon sequestration efforts linked to reforestation and ecosystem restoration. Beyond Offsetting: How Insetting Can Maximize Climate Impact Traditional carbon offsetting involves financing external projects to compensate for emissions. While offsetting plays a role in short-term emissions management, it does not address direct operational emissions. The WTTC’s Roadmap to Net Zero prioritizes carbon insetting, which embeds climate action directly into a company’s value chain. This approach reduces emissions at the source rather than outsourcing responsibility. While carbon offsetting involves investing in external projects to compensate for emissions, carbon insetting focuses on implementing sustainability initiatives within a company’s own operations and supply chain. This direct approach not only reduces emissions at their origin but also fosters long-term environmental and economic benefits for the business. Why Insetting is More Effective than Offsetting How Travel & Tourism Companies Can Implement Insetting Leading companies are pioneering insetting initiatives. For instance, certain cruise lines are investing in hybrid and LNG-powered ships, as well as advanced wastewater management systems, to reduce their environmental footprint. Natural Climate Solutions (NCS) & Green Initiative’s Forest Friends Program Engaging in Natural Climate Solutions (NCS), like reforestation and wetland restoration, enables businesses to sequester carbon effectively while enhancing local biodiversity. Programs such as Green Initiative’s Forest Friends not only offset emissions but also promote ecological balance and support community livelihoods. Green Initiative promotes Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) through its Forest Friends program, helping businesses implement carbon insetting projects that contribute to climate-positive tourism. By restoring forests and degraded ecosystems, these initiatives capture CO₂, enhance biodiversity, and improve climate resilience. The Four Pillars of Decarbonization: A Practical Guide for Travel & Tourism Businesses The WTTC’s Decarbonisation Action Framework outlines a clear, structured approach for businesses to achieve net zero. This framework is built on four essential pillars: 1. Assess & Define 2. Build & Enable 3. Reduce & Collaborate 4. Monitor & Report How Green Initiative Supports This Transition Green Initiative provides carbon-measured assessments, insetting solutions, and advanced emissions tracking to help businesses transition to carbon-neutral and climate-positive operations. Our approach ensures businesses align with global climate standards and certification frameworks, maximizing their environmental impact. Conclusion: A Call to Action for Travel & Tourism Leaders The transition to net zero is no longer optional—it is a business necessity. The travel and tourism sector must take immediate action to reduce emissions, restore ecosystems, and build climate resilience. By adopting carbon measurement strategies, prioritizing insetting over offsetting, and obtaining climate certifications, businesses can lead the transformation toward regenerative tourism and a climate-positive economy. At Green Initiative, we provide science-based climate solutions that go beyond compliance to create lasting environmental impact. Are you ready to start your journey to net zero? Contact Green Initiative today and take meaningful climate action for a sustainable future. This article was written by Ella Baehringer from the Green Initiative team Related Articles

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Green Initiative Showcases Machu Picchu as a Model for Carbon Neutral and Regenerative Tourism at COP16

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During the 16th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (COP16), Green Initiative presented the case of Machu Picchu as a model for a Carbon Neutral and Regenerative Tourism Destination. COP16 concluded in Cali after 12 days of intense discussions. Known as “The People’s COP,” the summit was divided into a blue zone for official negotiations and a green zone focusing on civil society participation. According to the Colombian government, the green zone attracted nearly a million visitors, with around 40,000 attending various academic activities. In the blue zone, where negotiations took place, parallel events were also organized in the pavilions of different countries and entities. Among these was the Peru Pavilion, which hosted a series of prominent events, including one titled “Machu Picchu: Carbon-Neutral and Regenerative Tourism Destination.” This session showcased the climate and nature-positive initiatives underway in Machu Picchu, aimed at reducing carbon emissions and restoring ecosystems as part of its tourism management. The panel featured representatives from organizations such as the National Service of State-Protected Natural Areas (SERNANP), AJE Group, Tetra Pak, and Latam Airlines. Panelists emphasized the importance of public-private sector collaboration for the success of projects like Machu Picchu. They recognized the leadership of Green Initiative as a key advisor in the region’s transition to decarbonization and regenerative tourism. COP16 was a platform for dialogue and reflection and marked significant milestones in its final plenary session. Among the most notable were creating a subsidiary body for Article 8J to support Indigenous peoples and local communities, the acknowledgment of Afro-descendant peoples as biodiversity guardians, and the Cali Fund, a global mechanism for the equitable distribution of benefits derived from genetic information. Additionally, collaboration between the Biodiversity and Climate Change agendas was promoted, in preparation for COP29 on Climate Change in Azerbaijan and the upcoming COP30 in Brazil. Colombia also took the opportunity to launch the world’s first biodiversity bonds during COP16, an initiative aimed at involving the private sector in biological diversity preservation. Banco Davivienda, with an investment of up to 50 million dollars from the International Finance Corporation (IFC), will channel these resources into projects with positive biodiversity impacts. Similarly, BBVA Colombia issued another bond, subscribed to by IDB Invest and IFC in two tranches to finance projects with positive biodiversity impacts. Written by Musye Lucen from the Green Initiative team. Related articles:

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