A cikin wani lokaci mai ma'ana ga masana'antar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, ƙaddamar da jirgin mai dorewa mai dorewa na transatlantic, VS100, ya karye don neman tafiye-tafiyen iska mai dacewa. Tashi daga Filin jirgin saman Heathrow na London a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 2023, Wannan tafiya mai cike da tarihi ta yi nuni da jirgi na farko da zai yi tafiya zuwa tekun Atlantika wanda aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar man fetur mai dorewa (SAF). Jirgin, sarrafa ta Virgin Atlantic da goyon bayan gwamnatin Burtaniya, ya haifar da biki da bincike a sassa daban-daban.
Ƙaƙƙarfan buri ya ta'allaka ne a cikin zuciyar wannan jirgin sama mai fa'ida: rage fitar da iskar carbon. Jirgin sama, wanda aka dade ana sukarsa saboda tasirin muhallinsa, yana fuskantar wata muhimmiyar tambaya: Shin wannan jirgin majagaba zai iya riƙe mabuɗin rage ƙalubalen muhalli na masana'antar?
A al'adance, kamfanonin jiragen sama sun yi gwaji tare da gaurayawan man fetur da ya kai kashi 50%, wanda ake kira SAF, amma jirgin VS100 ya yi fice, ta hanyar amfani da man da aka samu galibi daga mai da sauran kayan sharar gida. Manufarsa? Don baje kolin wata tafarki mai ma'ana zuwa ga karkatar da iskar carbon da ke da alaƙa da jiragen kasuwanci.
Muhimmancin wannan abin ba a lura da shi ba. Mark Harper, Sakataren Sufuri na Burtaniya, wanda ke cikin jirgin, ya jaddada mahimmancinsa, yana hasashen makomar inda harkokin sufuri za su fuskanci tsattsauran ra'ayi, tare da raguwar 70% na hayaki na rayuwa.
Chancellor Rishi Sunak ya yi na'am da waɗannan ra'ayoyin, tare da fahimtar jirgin a matsayin wani muhimmin ci gaba ga tafiye-tafiyen iska mai koren haske da mahimmancin lalatawar sararin samaniyar mu. Irin wannan ra'ayi na nuna jajircewar gwamnatin Burtaniya ga manufar 'jet zero' - kokarin da ake yi na rage hayakin da ke da alaka da jirgin sama.
Duk da haka, tare da yabo, tafiya zuwa jirgin sama mai dorewa yana fuskantar ƙalubale masu yawa. Duk da yake Virgin Atlantic zakarun aminci da inganci na SAF A matsayin madadin kananzir na al'ada, Sir Richard Branson, wanda ya kafa kamfanin jirgin sama, ya yi wani ra'ayi a tsawon tarihi: 'Duniya za ta ɗauka cewa ba za a iya yin wani abu ba har sai kun yi shi.'
Babban wannan yunƙurin shine amfani da SAF, wanda kamfanonin jiragen sama ke ganin yana da mahimmancin hana fitar da hayaƙi. Duk da haka, samar da irin wannan man a halin yanzu yana da ɗan ƙaranci idan aka kwatanta da yadda ake amfani da kananzir a duniya, wanda ke haifar da babbar matsala ga karɓuwa.
Shai Weiss, Shugaba na Virgin Atlantic, ya jaddada mahimmancin haɗin gwiwa mai tsattsauran ra'ayi yayin da yake yarda da gaskiyar gaskiya: rashin isasshen samar da SAF na yanzu. Don cimma babban tasiri, dole ne a saka jari mai yawa.
Gane muhimmiyar rawar da ake takawa na dorewar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a nan gaba, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta yi alkawarin ci gaba da tallafawa masana'antar SAF. Ƙoƙarin samar da ayyukan yi, bunƙasar tattalin arziki, da kuma burin 'jet zero' mai fafutuka an yi la'akari da shi. Shirye-shiryen gina masana'antar SAF guda biyar da aka sadaukar nan da shekara ta 2025 a Burtaniya ya kwatanta wannan alƙawarin, duk da shigo da man da ake amfani da shi a jirgin majagaba daga Amurka da EU.
Koyaya, a cikin yabon masana'antu da gwamnati, masu fafutukar kare muhalli sun kasance cikin shakku. Masu sukar lamirin suna nuna ɓatar da furci, musamman game da iƙirarin Ma'aikatar Sufuri na cewa SAF za ta tabbatar da tashi ba tare da laifi ba.
Yayin da jirgin VS100 ke nuna muhimmin ci gaba a cikin jirgin sama mai dorewa, yana kuma zama abin tunatarwa game da manyan kalubalen da ke gaba. Hanyar da za a iya amfani da man fetur mai ɗorewa na sufurin jiragen sama yana buƙatar ƙirƙira da haɗin gwiwar da ba a taɓa gani ba. Kamar yadda majagaba na masana'antu ke ci gaba, daidaito tsakanin buri da gaskiya zai tsara makomar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama masu dacewa da muhalli.
Sources: Virgin.com, The Guardian, Gov.uk, Masu ruwa da tsaki.com
Shafuka masu dangantaka:
