2 June 2026 / Ezezimali / I-11 Min Funda

Umthetho Owakha Imakethe

Kungani imithetho yesimo sezulu sokuhweba kanye nezimboni idala ithuba elikhulu kwezezimali

Cishe konke ukuhlaziywa okubalulekile kokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu eminyakeni emihlanu edlule kuye kwahlela umbuzo ofanayo oyinhloko: lokhu kuzobiza malini? Umkhakha wezezimali ulandele okufanayo. Ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu kungena emagumbini omhlangano ikakhulukazi njengesihloko sokuphathwa kwezingozi - izindleko zokuthobela imithetho okufanele zithathwe, umthwalo wemfanelo okufanele ulinganiswe futhi udalulwe. Lokho kubekwa akukubi kakhulu. Kodwa akuphelele ngokuphelele. Futhi lokho kungapheleli kuthwala intengo ekhulayo.

Lokho indaba yezingozi nezindleko engakunaki ngendlela ehlelekile uhlangothi lwencwadi yezikweletu: uhlangothi lwezidingo. Ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu akugcini nje ngokuvimbela umnotho okhona. Kukwakha ngenkuthalo ukwakheka okusha. Enkabeni yalolo hlaka olusha kuhlezi igebe lezimali lezilinganiso zomlando okungekho hulumeni, ibhange lentuthuko, kanye nesikhungo samazwe amaningi esingalivala sodwa. Izikhungo zezimali kuphela, ezisebenza ngezinga elikhulu futhi ziqoqa imali yezentengiselwano, ezinekhono lokuligcwalisa.

Umbuzo awusekho ukuthi le makethe ikhona yini. Ikhona — futhi ikhula ngokushesha kunamandla ezikhungo zokuyikhonza.

Ukuze uqonde leli thuba, umuntu kumele afunde imithetho hhayi njengemibhalo yokuthobela imithetho kodwa njengezindlela zokudala isidingo. I-European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism — CBAM — iyithuluzi lokuhweba elibaluleke kakhulu lesikhathi sezulu. Ngokusebenzisa intengo yekhabhoni ekungenisweni kwensimbi, usimende, i-aluminium, umanyolo kanye ne-hydrogen, kufeza okuthile okungekho uhlaka lokuzithandela oluke lwakuphatha: kwenza izindleko zokwehluleka ukususa ikhabhoni zibonakale, zingalinganiswa futhi zingagwemeki kubathumeli bamazwe angaphandle kunoma yiliphi izwe elihwebelana neYurophu. I-United Kingdom ilandela indlela efanayo, ene-CBAM yayo ehlelelwe ukuqala ukusebenza ngo-2027. Umqondo wokuncintisana uqondile: ukususa ikhabhoni, noma ukulahlekelwa ukufinyelela eqenjini lokuhweba elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.

UMthetho Wokunciphisa Ukwehla Kwentengo wase-US usebenza ngendlela ehlukile kodwa uveza umphumela ofanayo ngokwesakhiwo. Ngokuqondisa amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-370 ezikhuthazweni zokukhiqiza okuhlanzekile - izinto ezivuselelekayo, izimoto zikagesi, i-hydrogen eluhlaza kanye nezinqubo zezimboni ezinekhabhoni ephansi - kunciphisa intengo yezomnotho zokukhiqiza kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika futhi kuphoqa amaketanga okuhlinzeka emhlabeni wonke ukuthi aphinde alinganise. Uhlelo Lokuhweba Ngezikhabhoni Lukazwelonke lwaseShayina - namuhla oluyimakethe yekhabhoni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ngobuningi, olukhula kancane kancane ngale komkhakha wamandla - lufaka izindleko zekhabhoni emnothweni okhiqizayo womthumeli omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Ikhabhoni efakwe ezimpahleni ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ayisekho into yangaphandle futhi iba yinto eguquguqukayo yokuncintisana elinganiswayo.

Ndawonye, ​​lezi zindlela zifeza lokho izibopho zesimo sezulu zokuzithandela ezingamashumi eminyaka ezazingenakukufeza: ukudala isidingo sesakhiwo, esisekelwa yinqubomgomo, sokulawula semali yokuxhasa ushintsho lokususa i-carbonization. Akuyona isidingo sokuzithandela. Akuyona isidingo esifiswayo. Isidingo sokulawula - uhlobo lapho okunye ukutshalwa kwezimali kungukukhishwa emakethe. Lokho kuyindlela ehlukile ngokwekhwalithi yamathuba okuxhasa ngemali kunoma yini eyakhiqizwa yi-ESG enkathini.

Akuyona imfuneko yokuzithandela. Akuyona imfuneko yokufisa. Isidingo esilawulayo — uhlobo lapho okunye esikhundleni sokutshalwa kwezimali kungukukhishwa emakethe.

Esinye sezibonakaliso ezibonakala kakhulu zalolu shintsho yisimo izazi zomnotho ezisibize ngokuthi i-powershooting: ukufuduselwa kwemikhiqizo yezimboni esebenzisa amandla amaningi ezindaweni ezinamandla avuselelekayo amaningi, angabizi kakhulu. Ingqondo inengqondo. Uma i-CBAM ikwenza kungabi nokwenzeka kwezentengiselwano ukuthumela insimbi noma usimende onekhabhoni ephezulu eYurophu, impendulo enengqondo yenkampani akuyona nje ukukhokha intela - kodwa ukuhambisa umkhiqizo emazweni lapho ukususwa kwekhabhoni kungafinyelelwa khona ngezindleko eziphansi nangesivinini esiphezulu. INyakatho neNtshonalanga Afrika, iLatin America, iPersian Gulf kanye neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ziba yimingcele emisha yezimboni yomnotho onekhabhoni ephansi.

Ezikhungweni zezimali ezinekhono lokuqala uxhaso lwezimali zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kulezi zindawo ezisafufusa, ukuxhasa ngezimali kumelela ithuba lemakethe elihamba phambili elikhulu. Kulabo abangenalo lelo khono, kumelela isisekelo samakhasimende esizokwakha ubudlelwano baso bezezimali kwenye indawo. Imali edingekayo ukuze kuqhutshwe lolo shintsho inkulu - futhi, ngokwemvelo yayo, iyimali yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
ILatin America, ngale kokuba yindawo ekhulayo yokutshalwa kwezimali kwezinguquko okuqhutshwa ukufukula amandla, yakha ngenkuthalo ukwakheka kwayo kwentengo yekhabhoni yasekhaya. IBrazil iyisibonelo esihle kakhulu salowo mzila. Ngokumiswa koMthetho 15,042 ka-2024, izwe lasungula uhlaka lwezomthetho lweSistimu Yokuhweba Ngegesi Ekhipha Igesi Eshisayo YaseBrazil - i-SBCE - yaba yizwe lokuqala elikhulu elithuthukayo ukwenza umthetho wemakethe yekhabhoni elawulwa ngokuphelele. Uhlelo luhlinzeka ngesigaba sokuqala sokuqapha nokubika, kulandelwe yizigaba zokuthobela okuphoqelekile ngemikhawulo yokukhishwa kwegesi emkhakheni, izindlela zokunciphisa kanye nokuxhumana nezimakethe zokuzithandela ezikhona. Lesi yisinqumo esizimele esinengqondo yaso yezomnotho - futhi sinemiphumela eqondile yokuncintisana kwamaketanga okuphakelwa aseBrazil ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe.

Isici sobuchwepheshe esenza lolu hlelo lusebenze siyaphothulwa eMnyangweni Wezezimali: umthetho ophakamisa ukubikwa kokukhishwa kwegesi okuphoqelekile kwemikhakha eyi-17 yomnotho waseBrazil, okuhlanganisa amandla, insimbi, usimende, uthuli kanye nephepha, kanye namakhemikhali e-petrochemical, phakathi kokunye. Lokho kubika kwemboni kuyingqalasizinda yedatha lapho kungekho makethe yekhabhoni engasebenza khona ngobuqotho - ngaphandle kwempahla eqinisekisiwe yinkampani kanye nomkhakha, asikho isisekelo esithembekile sokubeka imikhawulo, ukwaba izibonelelo zokukhishwa kwegesi noma ukuqapha ukuhambisana ngendlela ehlolwayo. Ngakho-ke umthethonqubo woMnyango Wezezimali kanye ne-SBCE kuyizinto ezimbili ezihambisanayo zokwakheka okufanayo: enye idala isidingo sokulawula sedatha yokukhishwa kwegesi; enye iguqula leyo datha ibe izimpawu zamanani eziqondisa izinqumo zokutshalwa kwezimali. IBrazil ayingenisi imodeli yangaphandle. Iyazihlanganisa, kancane kancane nangesakhiwo, ibe ukwakheka kwentengo yekhabhoni yomhlaba wonke osekuvele kubumba kabusha ukuhwebelana kanye nokugeleza kwemali kuyo yonke iminotho emikhulu emhlabeni.

IBrazil ayingenisi imodeli yangaphandle. Iyazihlanganisa, kancane kancane futhi ngesakhiwo, ibe isakhiwo somhlaba wonke esivele siguqula ukuhwebelana kanye nokugeleza kwemali kuyo yonke iminotho emikhulu emhlabeni.

Ngo-2021, i-Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero — GFANZ — yasungulwa ngenjabulo enkulu. Izikhungo zezimali ezingaphezu kuka-550, ezimele izimpahla ezingaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-130 zamaRandi eziphethwe, zazibophezele kumaphothifoliyo angenalutho ngo-2050. Ukuzibophezela kwakungathi sína. Isifiso sasiyiqiniso. Amandla esikhungo okukufeza, ezimweni eziningi, ayengakakhiwa.

Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, ibanga phakathi kwalokho obekuthembisiwe nalokho okuye kwafezwa ngokusebenza lisalokhu lingenye yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu zesakhiwo kwezezimali zesimo sezulu. Izibopho zihlala emibikweni yaminyaka yonke kanye nasezindabeni. Kodwa imikhiqizo yezezimali efanele, izinhlaka zokuhlola izikweletu ezihambisana nesimo sezulu, izindlela zezimali zokushintsha kwemikhakha kanye namakhono okweluleka ochwepheshe kusalokhu kungathuthukiswa kahle ezikhungweni eziningi ezisayinile.

Lokhu kuvame ukuchazwa njengenkinga yokwethembeka. Ngokuqondile, kuyinkinga yamandla. Izikhungo eziningi zezimali zisasebenza esigabeni sokuzibophezela nokuvumelanisa: zinezokuphatha, izimemezelo zomphakathi kanye nesu eliphezulu. Ezingakakhi ingqalasizinda yokusebenza yokuhumusha lezo zibopho zibe isenzo sephothifoliyo esihlelekile - ikhono lokuhlola ukulungela kokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kwababoleki, ukwakha amathuluzi avuza ukusebenza kwe-decarbonization, ukuqapha nokubika imiphumela yesimo sezulu ezingeni lephothifoliyo, kanye nokuqala izimpahla ezintsha ezihambisana nesimo sezulu ngesivinini imakethe esidingayo manje.

Ngesikhathi kanye lapho izindlela zokulawula zakha isidingo sangempela nesakhiwe sezimali zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izikhungo ezisesimweni esihle kakhulu sokuzihlinzeka azikaqedi ukuguqulwa kwangaphakathi okudingekayo ukuze zenze kanjalo ngendlela ethembekile.

Leso sikhala asiyona inkinga okufanele siphathwe. Siyimakethe okufanele ibanjwe.

Izimakethe ezakhiwe ngemithetho zinezici ezihlukile: azivuli kancane kancane — zivuleka ngokuzumayo, ngesikhathi lapho izindleko zokuthobela imithetho zingagwemeki futhi ezinye izindlela zokufaka imali zinyamalala. Amaphayona alindele leso sikhathi futhi akhe ikhono ngaphambi kokuba kuvulwe iwindi athola izinzuzo zesakhiwo - ubudlelwano namakhasimende, ulwazi lomkhiqizo, ukuma kwephothifoliyo kanye nokwethembeka kwemboni - okunzima kakhulu kulabo abangena sekwephuzile ukukulingisa.

Imakethe yezezimali yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu isondela kulelo qophelo lokunyuka. I-CBAM iyasebenza. I-IRA iyasebenza. I-ETS yaseShayina iyanda. I-CBAM yase-UK isemthethweni. EBrazil, umthethonqubo we-SBCE kanye noMnyango Wezezimali uyaqhubeka ngesikhathi esifanayo. Izinhlaka zokuhlolisisa imvelo kuzo zonke izintambo zokuhlinzeka ziyaqina. Izindleko zokusebenza kwe-carbon ephezulu zikhuphuka kuwo wonke umnotho omkhulu ngasikhathi sinye. Isidingo semali yokuguquka sesivele singokoqobo - futhi sifika, okwamanje, ezincwadini zemali mboleko kanye nasemigwaqweni yezentengiselwano yazo zonke izikhungo ezibhekene nemikhakha egxile kakhulu kwezohwebo.

Izikhungo zezimali ezizochaza iminyaka eyishumi ezayo yezimali zesimo sezulu ngeke kube yilezo ezenze izibopho ezinkulu kakhulu. Zizoba yilezo ezakha, njengamanje, izinhlelo zokulinganisa, izakhiwo zemikhiqizo kanye namakhono okuhlaziya ahumusha ukuzibophezela kube yisenzo esisebenzisekayo nesithembekile.

Lelo khono alifiki selilungile. Lidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali, ubuchwepheshe kanye nokuzimisela ukuthatha isinyathelo ngaphambi kokuba imakethe yakheke ngokugcwele. Lokho, ngokunembile, incazelo yenzuzo yokuncintisana ehamba phambili. Ukushintshela emnothweni osebenzisa ikhabhoni ephansi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kuyinselele yezezimali.

Green Initiative isungule uhlaka olusebenzayo lokusekela izikhungo zezimali kanye nama-SME ekwenzeni lolo shintsho lusebenze. Umhlahlandlela Wezezimali Wokunciphisa Isimo Sezulu, eyasungulwa ngoMeyi 2026, inikeza indlela ehlelekile yokulinganisa i-GHG, ukuqinisekisa, ukubeka imigomo kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwesimo sezulu okusekelwe ezindinganisweni ze-ISO futhi kuhambisana neMigomo Ejwayelekile yeBhange Lomhlaba Yokulandelela Izimali Zokunciphisa Isimo Sezulu. Yenzelwe ukusiza izikhungo zezimali ukuthi zisuke ekuzibophezeleni ziye esenzweni esithembekile nesilinganisekayo kanye nokuhlomisa amakhasimende azo angama-SME ngamathuluzi adingekayo ukuze afinyelele ezimalini zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngezinga elikhulu.

Umhlahlandlela uyatholakala ku: https://greeninitiative.eco/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Climate-Mitigation-Finance-GUIDE.pdf

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa: Ukulawulwa Kwesimo Sezulu kanye Nezezimali Zokuguquka

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-ESG yokuzithandela kanye nesidingo sesimo sezulu esilawulayo kwezezimali?

Izinhlelo ze-ESG zokuzithandela zincike ekuzimiseleni kwenkampani, izibopho zomphakathi, kanye nokumaketha okunesifiso. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isidingo sokulawula isimo sezulu kuyabopha ngokomthetho futhi kuqiniswa yizinqubomgomo zokuhweba ezizimele kanye nezemvelo.

Ngaphansi kwezinhlaka ezifana ne-CBAM yaseYurophu, abathumeli bezimpahla abasebenzisa ikhabhoni ephezulu babhekene nezijeziso zezimali eziqondile noma ukukhishwa emakethe ngqo uma behluleka ukususa ikhabhoni. Lokhu kushintsha imali yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kusuka ku-discretionary corporate social responsibility (CSR) kuya ku-experiencial compliance kanye ne-operation requirement kanye ne-functional requirement.

I-CBAM kanye noMthetho Wokunciphisa Ukwehla Kwentengo Kagesi wase-US (IRA) baqhuba kanjani ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwesimo sezulu?

I-EU kanye ne-UK Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms (CBAM) kanye ne-US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) zisebenza njengezindlela zokudala isidingo somhlaba wonke semali:

  • I-CBAM (i-EU ne-UK): Ikhokhisa intela ukungenisa okudinga ikhabhoni (insimbi, i-aluminium, usimende, umanyolo, i-hydrogen). Lokhu kuphoqa abakhiqizi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi bathole uxhaso lwezimali ukuze basuse ikhabhoni emigqeni yabo yokukhiqiza noma balahlekelwe ukufinyelela ezimakethe ezinkulu zabathengi baseNtshonalanga.
  • I-IRA yase-US: Iqondisa amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-370 kumandla ahlanzekile, izimoto zikagesi, kanye nezikhuthazo ze-hydrogen eluhlaza. Lokhu kushintsha kakhulu umnotho wochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla emhlabeni wonke, okwenza ingqalasizinda eluhlaza ibe nokuncintisana okukhulu futhi kudonsele inani elikhulu lokutshalwa kwezimali ngokubambisana kwezentengiselwano ekukhiqizweni eNyakatho Melika.

Kuyini "ukunika amandla" futhi kudala kanjani amathuba emakethe?

I-Powershoring ukuthuthwa okunesu lokukhiqiza izimboni okudinga amandla amaningi kuye emazweni noma ezifundeni eziqhosha ngenqwaba yamandla angabizi kakhulu, avuselelekayo.

Ngenxa yokuthi intengo yekhabhoni yenza ukuthumela izimpahla ezinekhabhoni ephezulu kungabi namandla ngokwezomnotho, abakhiqizi bathuthela imisebenzi yabo ezifundeni ezifana neLatin America, iNyakatho neNtshonalanga Afrika, iPersian Gulf, kanye neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ezikhungweni zezimali, ukukhulisa amandla kuvula inzuzo enkulu yokuqala yokuxhasa ingqalasizinda yezimboni ezintsha, ezinekhabhoni encane kulezi zikhungo ezisafufusa.

IBrazil iyilawula kanjani imakethe yayo yekhabhoni yasekhaya?

IBrazil yasungula ukwakheka kwayo kokuthobela i-carbon ngokusebenzisa Umthetho 15,042 ka-2024, eyakha i Uhlelo Lokuhweba Ngegesi Ekhishwa Yigesi YaseBrazil (SBCE).

Ukuze lolu hlelo lusebenze, uMnyango Wezezimali uqedela imithethonqubo yokubika ukukhishwa kwegesi okuphoqelekile yemikhakha emikhulu yezomnotho engu-17—kufaka phakathi insimbi, usimende, amandla, amakhemikhali kaphethiloli, kanye ne-pulp nephepha. Le ngqalasizinda yedatha inikeza isisekelo esihloliwe nesicacile esidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe imikhawulo yokukhishwa kwegesi kwemikhakha, kuphathwe ama-offsets, futhi kuvikelwe umkhawulo wokuncintisana wokuthunyelwa kwegesi eBrazil emakethe yomhlaba wonke. Ukuze uthole izibuyekezo ezijulile kulokhu kuqaliswa komthetho, buyekeza isitatimende esisemthethweni mayelana Ukuvunyelwa kwe-SBCE yiCongress yaseBrazil.

Kungani kukhona igebe lamandla emalini yesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kwe-GFANZ?

Nakuba izikhungo zezimali ezingaphezu kuka-550 zithembise ukuvumelanisa izimpahla ezingama- $130 trillion zibe yi-net-zero nge-Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero (GFANZ) ngo-2021, kusasele igebe elikhulu lokusebenza.

Amabhange amaningi anokuphathwa kokuzinza okubheke umphakathi, kodwa awanazo ingqalasizinda yangaphakathi edingekayo ukuze iqalise. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlaka ezikhethekile zokuhlola ubungozi besikweletu ezihambisana nesimo sezulu, izindlela zokushintsha kwemikhakha ezingaqinisekiswa, kanye namakhono okweluleka kwezobuchwepheshe adingekayo ukuhlela izimali mboleko eziluhlaza ezihambisana nokusebenza kwamakhasimende ezentengiselwano.

Izikhungo zezimali zingaguquka kanjani kusukela ezibophweni zesimo sezulu ziye esenzweni esingasetshenziswa yibhange?

Ukuze kutholakale imakethe yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu ekhula ngokushesha, izikhungo zezimali kumele zakhe amakhono angaphakathi asheshayo nacacile.

🛠️ I Green Initiative Ithuluzi

Ukusiza izikhungo zezimali kanye nama-SME ukwakha le ngqalasizinda yokusebenza, Green Initiative yethule i- Umhlahlandlela Wezezimali Wokunciphisa Isimo Sezulu. Isekelwe ngokuqinile Amazinga we-ISO futhi ihambisana kahle ne Izimiso Ezivamile ZeBhange Lomhlaba Zokulandelela Ezezimali Zokunciphisa Isimo Sezulu, lolu hlaka luhlinzeka ngendlela ecacile, yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokulinganisa igesi ebamba ukushisa (i-GHG), ukubeka imigomo, ukuqinisekiswa, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwesimo sezulu okusemthethweni.

Ukufunda okuhlobene