Sezvo nyika zhinji dziri kuwedzera kuyedza kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, basa remari yemamiriro ekunze rave kuwedzera kukosha. Chibvumirano cheParis chakaisa chinangwa chikuru: kuchengetedza tembiricha yepasi rose ichikwira zviri pasi pe2°C, nekuzvipira kwakasimba kukumisa kusvika pa1.5°C. Kuzadzikisa chinangwa ichi kunoda shanduko yakakosha yehupfumi hwepasi rose, kushandura mari kubva kumaindasitiri ane emission yakakwira uye kuenda kumhinduro dzechisikigo, senge simba rinogoneka, kufambisa kwakasimba, uye girini zvivakwa. Nekudaro, kuve nechokwadi chekuti kuyerera kwemari kunoenderana nezvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze kunoda hurongwa hwakajeka, hwakamisikidzwa hwekutevera uye kushuma mari yekuderedza mamiriro ekunze. The Common Principles for Climate Mitigation Finance Tracking, yakagadziridzwa nemabhanga akawanda ebudiriro (MDBs) neInternational Development Finance Club (IDFC), inoshandisa chinangwa ichi nekumisikidza nzira dzakajeka dzekukodzera kudyara kwemamiriro ekunze asi kusasanganisa izvo zvinokanganisa kwenguva refu decarbonization kuedza. Chinyorwa ichi chinoongorora misimboti yakakosha yekutarisisa mari yemamiriro ekunze, zvikamu zviri kubatsirwa kubva mukudyara kwakasvibira, uye remangwana remazano emari ane chinangwa chekumhanyisa kuita kwemamiriro ekunze. Basa reClimate Mitigation Finance Mari yekudzikisa mamiriro ekunze chinhu chakakosha chekutsigira shanduko kuenda kuhupfumi hweti-zero. Inovimbisa kuti capital inonangana kune investimendi iyo: 1. Kuderedza kana Kudzivisa Kubuda kweGasi reGreenhouse (GHG) Kuderedza kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse (GHG) ndiro musimboti wemari yekuderedza mamiriro ekunze, sezvo ichigadzirisa zvakananga chikonzero chekudziya kwepasi rose. Nekuchinja mari yekudyara kuenda kusimba rakachena, kutakura-emission yakaderera, uye simba-rinoshanda zvivakwa, tinogona zvakanyanya kucheka kuburitswa kwekabhoni tichifambisa kukura kwehupfumi uye hunyanzvi. Mazano akakosha anosanganisira kushandura kubva kumafuta ezvicherwa kuenda kumagetsi anogona kudzokororwa, kuisa magetsi masisitimu ekufambisa, uye kuwedzera simba remagetsi muzvivakwa nemaindasitiri. Matanho aya haangodzikisi kutsamira pane yakakwira-kabhoni simba asi zvakare kugadzira hwaro hweramangwana rakagadzikana, net-zero. 2. Enhad Carbon Sequestration Nepo kuderedza kuburitswa kwakakosha, zvakakosha zvakaenzana kubvisa kabhoni dhaikisaidhi (CO₂) iripo kubva mumhepo kuitira kudzikisira shanduko yemamiriro ekunze nemazvo. Carbon sequestration inoita basa rakakosha mukuedza uku nekutora nekuchengetedza CO₂ kuburikidza neakasikwa uye tekinoroji mhinduro. Kudyara mari mukudyara masango nekudyara masango kunodzosera masango anoita seanonyura kabhoni, nepo kurimazve kunosimudzira hutano hwevhu, kuchiwedzera kugona kwayo kuchengetedza kabhoni. Pamusoro pezvo, kabhoni kubata uye kuchengetedza (CCS) matekinoroji anopa indasitiri-chiyero mhinduro nekuteya CO₂ kubva kune magetsi mafekitori isati yapinda mumhepo. Idzi nzira dzinoshanda pamwe chete kuti dzibvise kusvibiswa kwemhepo uye kubatsira kuhupfumi hunoenderana nemamiriro ekunze. 3. Transition High-Emission Industries Maindasitiri anorema sesimbi, simende, uye makemikari ari pakati pezvikuru zvinopa kuburitsa kabhoni pasi rose. Decarbonizing aya zvikamu zvakakosha kuti uwane hupfumi-zero, asi kuita izvi kunoda mari yakanangwa muhunyanzvi, yakaderera-kabhoni tekinoroji. Imwe yemhinduro dzakanyanya kuvimbisa ndeye green hydrogen, iyo inoshanda seimwe nzira yakachena kune fossil mafuta mumaindasitiri maitiro. Pamusoro pezvo, zvirongwa zvehupfumi zvakatenderedza - sekuderedza marara, kudzokorodza, uye kushandisazve zvinhu - zvinobatsira kudzikisira kuburitsa nekuderedza kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa. Kugamuchirwa kwezvinhu zvinogara zviripo zvekuvaka, senge kabhoni-negative simende uye simbi yakadzokororwa, zvakare inoderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwechikamu chekuvaka. Pasina hurongwa hwakasimba hwekuteedza mari inoenderana nemamiriro ekunze, mafambiro emari anogona kugoverwa zvisizvo kumapurojekiti anongoderedza kuburitswa kwenguva pfupi uku uchisimbisa kutsamira kwemafuta efosil kwenguva refu. The Common Principles inova nechokwadi chekuti masangano emari anoisa pamberi pekudyara kwakasimba kwemamiriro ekunze. Misimboti Yakakosha Yekutsvagisa Kwemamiriro ekunze Kwemamiriro ekunze Mamiriro ekunze anoisa mari yekuderedza mamiriro ekunze mumapoka matatu akasiyana, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mabhindauko anoenderana neChibvumirano cheParis uye kubatsira mukusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika. 1. Negative- kana Very-Low-Emission Activities Kuti uwane remangwana re-net-zero, kudyara kunofanirwa kukoshesa mapurojekiti anoburitsa zvishoma kana pasina greenhouse gasi rinoburitsa asi richibatsira mukudzika kwakadzika decarbonization. Zviitwa izvi zvinonyatsoenderana nezvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze epasi rose uye zvinomiririra nzira dzinonyanya kushanda dzekugara kwenguva refu. Nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekudyara dzinosanganisira simba rinogoneka, sezuva, mhepo, hydropower, uye geothermal, izvo zvinotsiva mafuta efossil uye kupa magetsi akachena, anoenderera mberi. Pamusoro pezvo, mapurojekiti ekubvisa kabhoni-kusanganisira kukwirisazve masango, kudzoreredza kwekabhoni yevhu, uye matanho eblue carbon (semuenzaniso, mangrove uye kudzoreredzwa kwegungwa regungwa) - kubatsira kubvisa CO₂ kubva mumhepo. Kumwe kufambira mberi mukugadzirwa kweindasitiri yakaderera kabhoni kwakakoshawo. Tekinoroji dzakadai segirinhi rehydrogen, kabhoni-negative simende, uye bioplastics inopa nzira dzinoshanda kune yechinyakare, yakakwira-emission zvinhu, kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemaindasitiri akakosha. Aya mapurojekiti anoumba hwaro hwehupfumi hunoenderana nemamiriro ekunze uye hunova nechokwadi chekuti kudyara kwemari kunofambisa shanduko yechokwadi, isingaperi yakananga kupasi rakagadzikana. Aya mapurojekiti anoenderana zvizere net-zero zvinangwa uye anotyaira yakadzika decarbonization. Mienzaniso inosanganisira: 2. Transitional Activities Kunyange zvazvo chinangwa chekupedzisira chiri hupfumi hwakazara decarbonized, mamwe maindasitiri nehurongwa zvinoda chikamu chepakati kuderedza kuburitswa vasati vawana kuenderera kuzere. Zviitiko zvekuchinja zvinotora basa rakakosha mukuita uku nekuvandudza kushanda kwezvivakwa zviripo uku uchideredza kuvimba nemafuta efosi. Nekudaro, mapurojekiti aya anofanirwa kutariswa nekuchenjera kudzivirira-refu kabhoni kukiya-mukati uye kuve nechokwadi kuti anoshanda sematombo anotsika akananga kune net-zero mhinduro. Mazano akakosha ekuchinja anosanganisira kukwidziridzwa kwesimba remaindasitiri, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kuburitswa ne30-50% kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro senge tsvina yekudzoreredza kupisa, otomatiki, uye maitiro ekugadzira simba-anoshanda. Muchikamu chekutakura, kutorwa kwemotokari yehybrid kunopa mhinduro yenguva pfupi, kudzikisa kuburitswa uku uchigadzira nzira yekuzara kwemagetsi uye hydrogen-powered kufamba. Pamusoro pezvo, kudzoreredza zvivakwa zvine mhinduro dzinoshanda nesimba, senge pombi dzekupisa, matenga egirinhi, uye smart grid yekubatanidza, kunobatsira kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye kabhoni tsoka. Nekuona kuti zviitiko zvekuchinja zvinoramba zvakabatana nezvinangwa zvenguva refu decarbonization, kudyara kwemari kunogona kuwedzera mabhenefiti emamiriro ekunze uku ichimhanyisa shanduko yepasirese kune yakasimba simba, chekufambisa, uye indasitiri. Mapurojekiti aya anoderedza kuburitswa mumasisitimu aripo asi achiri kubatanidza kumwe kuvimba nemafuta efosi. Ivo havafanirwe kugadzira-yakareba kabhoni yekuvhara-mukati. Mienzaniso inosanganisira: 3. Kuita Kugonesa Kuwana hupfumi hweti-zero hakudi chete kudzikiswa kwehutsi hwakanangana asiwo gadziriro yakasimba yetsigiro inogonesa kugamuchirwa kwakapararira kwehunyanzvi hwemamiriro ekunze nemaitiro. Zviitwa zvinogonesa zvinoita basa rakakosha mukufambisa shanduko iyi nekupa mari, zvidzoreso, uye tekinoroji zvivakwa zvinodiwa kukwirisa mari yakasvibira. Mazano akakosha ekugonesa anosanganisira green bonds uye inoenderera-yakabatana zvemari nzira, iyo inopa yakatsaurirwa mari yemapurojekiti ekuderedza mamiriro ekunze. Zvishandiso zvemari izvi