12 May 2023

Anthropogenic methane emissions nezvazvinoreva pakushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze mukati memakore gumi anotevera Gwaro reSixth Assessment Report kubva kuIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) rinosimbisa nechivimbo chikuru kuti kubuda kwegasi regreenhouse (GHG) kubvira 2010 kunoratidzwa nekuwedzera kuri kuita. Kunyanya, fungidziro dziri muna 2019 dzinoti chikamu chekurima uye zvimwe zviitiko zvekushandisa ivhu zvinokonzeresa 22% yeanthropogenic, kana inokonzereswa nevanhu, yepasi rose greenhouse emissions (IPCC, 2022). Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, carbon dioxide uye methane emissions zvakaonekwa kuti ndizvo zvinonyanya kubatsira mukupisa kwepasi. Carbon dioxide, semuenzaniso, kana yaburitswa mumhepo yakafungidzirwa kuti inogara kwemakore angangoita mazana matatu kusvika zana (Buis, 300) isati yaiswa mubiomass kana mineralized mugungwa kana pasi sediments nemaitiro echisikigo. Nekudaro, hupenyu hwekabhoni hwemarudzi akawanda mumhepo inowanzotungamira kune maitiro ekuita kwemamiriro ekunze zvirongwa zvakanangana nekuderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide chete. Zvakadaro, methane yakawanikwa iine 84-87 times the global warming potential (GWP) pane carbon dioxide pa20-year timescale (IPCC, 2022), ukuwo fungidziro ichishandisa 100-year timescale, iyo inowanzogamuchirwa nemasangano pasi rose, inoratidza kanokwana ka24 musiyano pakati peGWP yemethane necarbon dioxide. Nekuda kweizvozvo, masayendisiti anowanzo simbisa kukosha kwekushandisa cumulative metrics, isingashande pane imwe nguva, kunyatso miririra kukonzeresa kwenguva pfupi yekusvibisa mamiriro ekunze, semethane, pakupisa kwepasirese mukati memakore gumi anotevera uye nekudaro kushandisa nzwisiso iyi kugadzira mitemo inoshanda yekudzikisa mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze munguva pfupi iri kutevera (Allen et al., 2018). Mitemo yehurumende pamusoro pekubudiswa kwemethane Nekuda kwekufungidzira kunotyisa kwechikamu chemethane chechikamu che30% chekudziya kwepasi kusvika pari zvino (IEA, 2022), zvirongwa zvepasi rose methane zvinoyedza kusimudzira kushandiswa kwemethane senzvimbo yemagetsi yakachena pamwe chete nemasangano ehurumende akaita seEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) ari kusarudza kusimbaradza mitemo yavo, uye neEuropean Union 30% yemethane emissions yavo panosvika 2030. Kunyanya, kune humbowo huri kuwedzera hwesainzi uye hwekuongorora hunoratidza kuti kuderedza anthropogenic methane emission ne50% mumakore makumi matatu anotevera kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza avhareji yepasi rose tembiricha iri pasi pe30 degrees Celsius uye nekudaro, kubatsira kuzvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze zvakamiswa muParis Agreement. (Mckinsey, 2021; Arndt, 2022) Mhinduro kuanthropogenic emission of methane muchikamu chezvekurima Kukurudzira shanduko yeindasitiri kuenda kukudzikisira kuburitswa kwemethane hakusi nyore sekutanga zvirango zvehurumende pasi rose nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda, kusanganisira zvine chekuita nekuchengetedzeka kwechikafu. Nekudaro, mhinduro dzakati wandei dziri kuitwa kudzikisa kuburitswa kwemethane kubva kubazi rezvekurima, kunyanya zvipfuyo, izvo zvave zvichifungidzirwa kuti zvinosanganisira 32% yehunhu-induced methane emissions (UNEP, nd). Mishonga iyi inosanganisira: Zvokudya zvinowedzerwa segariki, clove, nesowe remugungwa, zvakaonekwa kuti zvinoderedza kuburitswa kwemethane kubva kumhuka dzinodya. Izvi zvinowedzera zvinogona kuderedza huwandu hwemethane inogadzirwa panguva yekugayiwa, zvichizotungamira kune yakaderera emissions. Zvimwe zvekudya Sezvinoita mbesa dzemafuta kana mbambaira, zvinogona kuvandudza kunaka kwechikafu uye kuderedza huwandu hwemethane inogadzirwa nemhuka. Zvokudya zvezvimwe zvinogona kubatsirawo kuderedza huwandu hwevhu hunodiwa pamafuro uye kuvandudza kunaka kwevhu. Kuberekesa uye genetics Zvirongwa zvehunyanzvi zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira mhuka dzinoshanda zvakanyanya mukugaya kwadzo, nekudaro kuderedza huwandu hwemethane inogadzirwa panguva yekugaya. Methane kutora uye kushandisazve Methane inogona kutorwa kubva mundove yezvipfuyo yoshandiswazve sesosi yesimba. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kweanaerobic digester, iyo inogona kushandura manyowa kuita biogas inogona kushandiswa magetsi kana kupisa. Precision yekutarisisa zvipfuyo Tekinoroji senge kutarisisa kure uye smart feeding uye kudiridza masisitimu anogona kubatsira kuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzirwa kwezvipfuyo uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwemethane. Novel Tsvagiridzo muMolecular Engineering: Inovimbisa Matanho ekudzikisa Methane Emissions muZvipfuyo Uyezve, tsvakiridzo yenyaya mumunda weinjiniya yemamorekuru ine mukana wakakura wekudzikisa kuburitswa kwemethane nekushandisa nzira dzemetabolism yezvipfuyo uye nharaunda dzehutachiona mumaturakiti avo ekugaya. Imwe mhinduro inosanganisira kushandiswa kwezvikafu zvekudya zvinotadzisa basa remethanogens, ari ma microorganisms ari murumen yezvipfuyo anoburitsa methane panguva yekugaya. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaona kudzikiswa kwakafanana kwekubuda kwemethane gasi neanosvika makumi matatu muzana emombe dzemukaka uye 30% yemombe dzenyama mumamiriro ekuyedza (Palangi & Lackner, 90). Pamusoro pezvo, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaongorora kushandiswa kweRNA kupindira mamorekuru (Bradford et al., 2017) kuvharidzira kutaura kwemamwe majini mumamethanogens, ichivharira kugadzirwa kwemapuroteni anobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwemethane. Dzimwe nzira dzakafanana dzinoshandisa inozivikanwa, uye kazhinji isingadhure CRISPR-CAS9 gene-editing chishandiso (Subdei et al., 2022). Kunyangwe kutsvagisa kwakawanda kuchidikanwa kuti tinzwisise maitiro ebhayoloji ari pasi pemethanogens, mutengo-unoshanda pamwero mukuru, uye kumwe kutarisisa kwetsika kunosanganisirwa mukugadzirisa majini, zviitiko izvi zvinoratidzira remangwana rine tariro rekudzikisa kuburitswa kwemethane muindasitiri yezvekurima. Yakazara Climate Chiito: Accounting yeGWP Metrics uye Kugadzira Mutengo-unoshanda Solutions Kuderedza Emissions Zvisinei.Green InitiativeMarc Tristant, kubva kuGreen Inititive timu. Zvinyorwa: Allen, MR, Shine, KP, Fuglestvedt, JS, Millar, RJ, Kaini, M., Frame, DJ, & Macey, A. (2018). Mhinduro yekusamiririra kwe CO2-yakaenzana kuburitsa kwenguva pfupi-pfupi inosvibisa mamiriro ekunze pasi pekuda kudzikisira. Npj Climate uye Atmospheric Sayenzi, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-018-0026-8 Arndt, C., Hristov, AN, Price, WJ, McClelland, SC, Pelaez, AM, Cueva, SF, Oh, J., Dijkstra, J., Bannink, A., Bayat, AR