Mpweya wa anthropogenic methane ndi zotsatira zake pakusintha kwanyengo m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi Lipoti la Sixth Assessment kuchokera ku Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) likutsindika ndi chidaliro chachikulu kuti mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kwa dziko (GHG) kuyambira 2010 umadziwika ndi kukwera. Makamaka, kuyerekezera mu 2019 akuti gawo laulimi ndi ntchito zina zogwiritsira ntchito nthaka ndizomwe zimayambitsa 22% ya anthropogenic, kapena chifukwa cha anthu, padziko lonse lapansi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha (IPCC, 2022). M'nkhaniyi, mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide ndi methane wadziwika kuti ndiwo akuthandizira kwambiri kutentha kwa dziko. Carbon dioxide, mwachitsanzo, ikatulutsidwa m'mlengalenga akuti imatha zaka pafupifupi 300 mpaka 1000 (Buis, 2019) isanakhazikike mu biomass kapena mineralized mu nyanja kapena nthaka pansi ndi njira zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, moyo wa kaboni wamitundu yambiri mumlengalenga nthawi zambiri umabweretsa chizolowezi chochita ntchito zanyengo zomwe zimayang'ana kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide. Komabe, methane yapezeka kuti ili ndi 84-87 kuwirikiza kutentha kwapadziko lonse (GWP) kuposa mpweya woipa pazaka 20 timescale (IPCC, 2022), pomwe akuyerekeza kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yazaka 100, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatengedwa ndi mabungwe padziko lonse lapansi, ikuwonetsa kusiyana kwa 24 kokha pakati pa GWP ya methane ndi mpweya wa methane. Chotsatira chake, asayansi nthawi zambiri amagogomezera kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito ma metrics owonjezera, omwe sagwira ntchito pa nthawi, kuti awonetsere molondola zotsatira za zowononga nyengo zaufupi, monga methane, pa kutentha kwa dziko mkati mwa zaka khumi zikubwerazi ndipo chifukwa chake amagwiritsa ntchito kumvetsetsa kumeneku kuti apange ndondomeko zabwino zochepetsera zotsatira zoipa za kusintha kwa nyengo posachedwa (Allen et al., 2018). Ndondomeko zaboma pazakutulutsa mpweya wa methane Chifukwa cha kuyerekezera kowopsa kwa gawo la methane pa 30% ya kutentha kwa dziko mpaka pano (IEA, 2022), njira zapadziko lonse lapansi za methane zikuyesetsa kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito methane ngati gwero lamphamvu lamagetsi pamodzi ndi mabungwe aboma monga Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) omwe akukonzekera kulimbikitsa mfundo zawo, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa EU Union 30% ya mpweya wawo wa methane pofika 2030. Makamaka, pali umboni wowonjezereka wa sayansi ndi wowunikira kuti kuchepetsa mpweya wa methane wa anthropogenic ndi 50% pazaka 30 zikubwerazi kungathandize kusunga kutentha kwapakati pa dziko lonse pansi pa madigiri 2 Celsius motero, kumathandizira ku zolinga za nyengo zomwe zakhazikitsidwa mu Pangano la Paris. (Mckinsey, 2021; Arndt, 2022) Njira zothetsera kutulutsa mpweya kwa methane m'gawo laulimi Kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa mafakitale kuti kuchepetsa mpweya wa methane sikophweka monga kukhazikitsa zilango za boma padziko lonse lapansi pazifukwa zambiri, kuphatikizapo nkhawa zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha chakudya. Chifukwa chake, njira zingapo zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchepetsa mpweya wa methane kuchokera ku gawo laulimi, makamaka ziweto, zomwe zikuyerekezedwa kuti zimabweretsa 32% ya mpweya wa methane wopangidwa ndi anthu (UNEP, nd). Njira zothetsera mavutowa ndi monga: Zakudya zowonjezera monga adyo, clove, ndi udzu wa m’nyanja, zapezeka kuti zimachepetsa mpweya wa methane wochokera ku nyama zolusa. Zowonjezerazi zimatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa methane yomwe imapangidwa pakagayidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wotsika. Zakudya zamtundu wina Monga mbewu zamafuta kapena nyemba, zimatha kupititsa patsogolo zakudya komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa methane yopangidwa ndi nyama. Zakudya zamtundu wina zingathandizenso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa malo odyetserako ziweto komanso kukonza nthaka yabwino. Kuswana ndi majini Mapulogalamu apadera angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga nyama zomwe zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri pogaya chakudya, motero kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa methane yomwe imapangidwa pogaya chakudya. Kulanda Methane ndikugwiritsanso ntchito Methane imatha kutengedwa kuchokera ku manyowa a ziweto ndi kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati gwero la mphamvu. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma anaerobic digesters, omwe amatha kusintha manyowa kukhala biogas yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati magetsi kapena kutentha. Njira zamakono zowunikira ziweto monga kuyang'anira kutali komanso njira zodyetsera bwino komanso kuthirira zingathandize kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zoweta komanso kuchepetsa mpweya wa methane. Kafukufuku Watsopano mu Uinjiniya wa Mamolekyulu: Njira Zolonjezedwa Zochepetsera Kutulutsa kwa Methane mu Ziweto Komanso, kafukufuku waposachedwa pankhani ya uinjiniya wa maselo ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kochepetsa kutulutsa kwa methane poyendetsa njira za kagayidwe kazakudya za ziweto ndi madera ang'onoang'ono m'mathirakiti awo am'mimba. Njira imodzi yothetsera vutoli ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zowonjezera zomwe zimalepheretsa ntchito ya methanogens, yomwe ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta ziweto zomwe zimatulutsa methane panthawi ya chimbudzi. Zotsatira zake zidawona kuchepa kosasinthika kwa mpweya wa methane mpaka 30% wa ng'ombe zamkaka ndi 90% wa ng'ombe zanyama zomwe zidayesedwa (Palangi & Lackner, 2022). Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina adafufuza kugwiritsa ntchito mamolekyu osokoneza a RNA (Bradford et al., 2017) kuti aletse kufotokoza kwa majini ena mu methanogens, kutsekereza kupanga mapuloteni omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kupanga methane. Njira zina zofananira zimagwiritsa ntchito chida chodziwika bwino, komanso chotsika mtengo cha CRISPR-CAS9 (Subdei et al., 2022). Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika kuti amvetsetse njira zamoyo zomwe zimayambitsa ma methanogens, kutsika mtengo pamlingo waukulu, ndi malingaliro ena amakhalidwe omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa majini, zomwe zikuchitikazi zikuwonetseratu tsogolo labwino la kuchepetsa mpweya wa methane muzaulimi. Zochitika Zanyengo Zonse: Kuwerengera kwa GWP Metrics ndi Kupanga Mayankho Opanda Mtengo Kuti Muchepetse Kutulutsa Kutulutsa NgakhaleGreen InitiativeMarc Tristant, kuchokera ku timu ya Green Inititative. Zolemba: Allen, MR, Shine, KP, Fuglestvedt, JS, Millar, RJ, Cain, M., Frame, DJ, & Macey, A. (2018). Yankho la kufotokoza molakwa kwa mpweya wofanana ndi CO2 wa zowonongeka kwa nyengo kwakanthawi kochepa pochepetsa kuchepetsa. Npj Climate ndi Atmospheric Science, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-018-0026-8 Arndt, C., Hristov, AN, Price, WJ, McClelland, SC, Pelaez, AM, Cueva, SF, Oh, J., Dijkstra, J., Bannink, A., Bayat, AR
