Bonito da Machu Picchu: Ikon Twin Wuraren da UNESCO ta keɓance Ayyukan Majagaba a Yanayin Yawon shakatawa
A daidai lokacin da sauyin yanayi ke haifar da gagarumin kalubale ga wannan duniyar tamu, masana'antar yawon bude ido ta tashi tsaye wajen taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen dakile tasirinta ta hanyar Sanarwar Glasgow don Ayyukan Yanayi a Yawon shakatawa. A cikin wannan mahallin, manyan wurare biyu na al'adu da wuraren yawon shakatawa suna kan gaba wajen ayyukan yanayi a yawon shakatawa. Bonito, wanda ke cikin Pantanal na Brazil kuma an gane shi azaman UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, Da kuma Machu Picchu, yana cikin Andes na Peruvian kuma an gane shi azaman UGarin Gadon Duniya na NESCO, haɗa mafi kyawun ayyuka na rage sauyin yanayi a cikin tsarin ci gaban yawon buɗe ido.
Sakamakon da aka samu ya zuwa yanzu, ta hanyar takardar shedar yanayi na wurare guda biyu, ya nuna a kai a kai cewa ta hanyar sanin ya kamata da kuma aiwatar da ayyukan da suka dace, bunkasuwar yawon bude ido a cikin wuraren ajiyar halittu na UNESCO da gaurayawan wuraren tarihi na duniya na iya tafiya kafada da kafada tare da lalata wuraren yawon bude ido, tare da haifar da tasiri mai kyau kan tattalin arzikin gida da yanayin yanayi.
Bonito da Machu Picchu: Dakunan gwaje-gwaje don Ayyukan Rage Yanayi da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru
Bonito, wanda ke cikin Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, an sanya shi a matsayin Reserve na Biosphere na UNESCO a shekara ta 2000. Bonito ya daɗe yana nuni ga yawon buɗe ido mai dorewa, wanda aka sani da koguna masu haske, ruwa mai ban sha'awa, da ɗimbin halittu. Hakazalika, Machu Picchu, tsohuwar katafaren gidan Incan da ke cikin tsaunin Andes na Peru, an ayyana shi a matsayin wurin Gaɗaɗɗen Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO a cikin 1983.
A cikin haɗin gwiwar tare da Green Initiative, duka wurare na UNESCO, Bonito da Machu Picchu, sun fara tafiya mai sauyi zuwa fitar da sifili ta hanyar ingantaccen tsarin tabbatar da yanayi wanda ya ƙunshi:
- Auna ma'auni na iskar carbon da kama carbon;
- Maido da muhallin halittu don dawo da muhallin namun daji da kuma samar da damammakin samun kudin shiga ga al'ummomin gida;
- Aiwatar da takamaiman ayyuka na rage sauyin yanayi tare da tasiri kai tsaye kan rage hayakin carbon da haɓaka wayar da kan al'umma don tattalin arziƙin madauwari da rage sauyin yanayi;
- Kashe ragowar iskar carbon a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun rage iskar gas.
A cikin 2021, wurin yawon buɗe ido na Bonito ya sami jimillar hayaƙi 17,829.42 tCO2eq. Kusan kashi 51% na sawun sa yana da alaƙa da amfani da mai ta hanyar wayar hannu ta ƙasa, kamar motoci da bas ɗin da masu yawon bude ido ke amfani da su a ziyararsu. Na biyu mafi girma hayaki shi ne rugujewar tatsuniyoyi (22.32%), sannan amfani da wutar lantarki (6.02%). A cikin ci gaban Shirin Ayyukan Yanayi na Bonito, an ayyana ayyuka da yawa don magance waɗannan mahimman abubuwan hayaki, kamar haɓaka amfani da makamashin halittu, canzawa da wadatar motocin lantarki, inganta sarrafa sharar gida a cikin tsarin jama'a, haɗin gwiwar al'umma a cikin tattalin arziƙin madauwari, da haɓaka kama carbon ta hanyar haɓaka haɓakar yanayin muhalli.
A gefe guda, a cikin 2022, Machu Picchu ya sami nasarar rage hayakinsa zuwa 7,117.55 tCO2eq, raguwar 18.77% daga shekarar tushe ta 2019. An aiwatar da matakai guda huɗu don sake amfani da sharar da za a iya dawo dasu:
- Injin filastik PET da kwali compactor shuka.
- Kamfanin biodiesel don sarrafa mai daga gidajen abinci.
- Wani shuka mai sharar gida wanda ke samar da biochar wanda manoman gida ke amfani da shi a madadin takin nitrogen.
- Gilashin murkushewa biyu don juya kwalabe zuwa yashi don gini da kayan ado.
Bugu da kari, an bullo da motocin lantarki don jigilar sharar da aka samar, sannan an kafa wuraren ware sharar a duk fadin gundumar, da dai sauransu. Sabbin hanyoyin sarrafa sharar sun rage 40.80 tCO2eq, sau 2.5 fiye da na shekarar 2019. Kamun Carbon daga gyaran muhalli, inda aka dasa itatuwan asali na 6,596 a wuraren da ba su da kyau, inda suka kama 5,055.17 tCO2eq, ya haifar da ma'aunin iskar gas na 2,062.38eq. Machu Picchu's carbon sawun an daidaita shi tare da 2 carbon credits daga REDD+ Brazil Nut Concessions project na Bosques Amazónicos (BAM), wanda ke kare sama da hekta 2,155 na gandun daji na megadiverse kuma yana tallafawa sama da iyalai 600,000 na girbi na goro na Amazon a Madre de Dios, Peru.
Ta hanyar haɗa ayyukan yanayi cikin ainihin tsarin kasuwancin su, waɗannan wuraren suna kafa sabbin ka'idoji don dorewar yawon shakatawa a wuraren tarihi na UNESCO. Kamar yadda Jose Salazar Ríos, Coordinator of the Culture at UNESCO Peru, Karin bayanai:
"Machu Picchu, daya daga cikin wuraren tarihi na duniya 13 da Peru ke da shi, wani misali ne mai ban sha'awa na yadda za a iya haɗa yawon shakatawa tare da ayyukan yanayi, don haka yana ba da gudummawa ga dorewa da kiyaye abubuwan tarihi na duniya."
Sanarwar Glasgow kan Ayyukan Yanayi a Yawon shakatawa
Sanarwar Glasgow kan Ayyukan Yanayi a cikin Yawon shakatawa wani muhimmin tsari ne don tara fannin yawon shakatawa don yin taka-tsantsan kan sauyin yanayi. An kaddamar da shi a taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (COP26) a Glasgow, sanarwar ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar rage hayakin da ake fitarwa zuwa kashi biyu nan da shekarar 2030 sannan kuma a kai ga samun sifiri nan da shekarar 2050 a karshe. Ta hanyar daidaitawa tare da hanyoyin zuwa Yarjejeniyar Paris, sanarwar ta ba da taswirar taswirar fili ga masu ruwa da tsaki na yawon shakatawa don haɗa ayyukan yanayi cikin tsarin kasuwancin su.
Yana ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa a duk faɗin masana'antu, haɓaka raba mafi kyawun ayyuka, albarkatu, da sabbin hanyoyin warwarewa don haɓaka lalatawar. Bonito da Machu Picchu sun zama mahalarta abin koyi a cikin wannan motsi na duniya, suna nuna yadda wuraren tarihi na UNESCO za su iya jagoranci ta misali wajen haɗa cikakkun dabarun yanayi cikin ayyukansu na yawon buɗe ido. Ta hanyar tsare-tsare irin waɗannan, sanarwar Glasgow na da nufin haɗa kan masana'antar yawon buɗe ido don yaƙi da sauyin yanayi, tare da haɓaka ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa don kare duniyarmu ga al'ummomi masu zuwa.
Ƙarfin Tagwayen Wuraren da UNESCO ta keɓance a cikin Rage Yanayi
Haɗin gwiwar tsakanin Bonito da Machu Picchu, a matsayin biranen tagwayen yanayi masu wayo, suna da babban yuwuwar rage sauyin yanayi da bunƙasa ƙwarewa a duk duniya. Ta hanyar raba mafi kyawun ayyuka, albarkatu, da sabbin hanyoyin warwarewa, za su iya haɓaka tasirinsu kan rage hayakin da ke da alaƙa da yawon buɗe ido da zama abin nuni ga sauran wuraren da UNESCO ta keɓance a duk duniya. Bisa lafazin Sofia Gutierrez, Mataimakiyar Daraktar Kula da Yawon shakatawa mai dorewa a yawon shakatawa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya:
"Kwarewar Machu Picchu a matsayin mai sanya hannu kan sanarwar Glasgow na iya zama nuni ga sauran wuraren yawon bude ido a Peru da ma duniya baki daya. Bugu da ƙari, kasancewar taska na halitta da al'adu, Machu Picchu kuma wani misali ne mai ban sha'awa na yadda ci gaban yawon shakatawa da kuma lalatawa zai iya kuma ya kamata ya tafi tare."
Damar Farko
- Musanya Ilimi da Gina Ƙarfi: Dukansu wuraren za su iya amfana daga musayar ilimi kan ayyukan yawon shakatawa masu dorewa, ma'aunin sawun carbon, da ingantattun dabarun ragewa. Taron bita na haɗin gwiwa, shirye-shiryen horarwa, da taro na iya haɓaka ƙarfin masu ruwa da tsaki na cikin gida don aiwatarwa da kuma dorewar ƙaƙƙarfan shirye-shiryen yawon shakatawa.
- Raba Bincike da Ƙirƙiri: Ayyukan bincike na hadin gwiwa na iya gano sabbin hanyoyin magance matsalar rage fitar da yawon bude ido. Waɗannan sun haɗa da haɓaka sabbin fasahohi don sarrafa shara, sabunta makamashi, da sufuri mai dorewa. Bonito da Machu Picchu na iya zama cibiyoyi na ƙirƙira a cikin yawon shakatawa mai ƙarancin hayaki ta hanyar haɗa albarkatu da ƙwarewa.
- Haɗuwa da Al'umma da Ƙarfafawa: Sanya al'ummomin gida cikin ayyukan sauyin yanayi yana da mahimmanci don samun nasarar ci gaban ayyukan yawon shakatawa. Duk wuraren da ake nufi za su iya aiki tare don ƙarfafa mazauna ta hanyar ilimi, horo, da kuma shiga cikin matakan yanke shawara. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa an raba fa'idodin yawon shakatawa mai ƙarancin hayaniya daidai gwargwado kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga jin daɗin al'ummomin yankin.
- Ci gaban Sadarwar Sadarwar Duniya: Samar da haɗin gwiwa da yawa da musayar bayanai tsakanin Wuraren da UNESCO ta keɓance. Cibiyar sadarwa za ta inganta ɗorewa ayyukan yawon buɗe ido da dabarun aiwatar da sauyin yanayi, da haɓaka ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa don magance ƙalubalen muhalli na duniya. Ta hanyar wannan hanyar sadarwa ta Duniya, rukunin mambobi za su sami damar yin amfani da dandamali guda ɗaya don musanyawa mafi kyawun ayyuka, albarkatu, da sabbin hanyoyin warwarewa, ta yadda za su haɓaka ƙarfinsu don haɓaka ci gaban yawon buɗe ido a kan sikelin duniya.
Tunani na Karshe
Bonito, a matsayin UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, da Machu Picchu, a matsayin UNESCO Mixed World Heritage Site, dukansu a matsayin Carbon Neutral wurare, za su iya ba da yawon bude ido masana'antu gagarumin fahimtar yaki da sauyin yanayi. Ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwarsu na haɗin gwiwa a matsayin biranen tagwayen yanayi masu wayo yana da damar haifar da gagarumin ci gaba wajen kawar da yawon buɗe ido da kuma haɓaka ci gaba mai dorewa a cikin gida da kuma duniya baki ɗaya. Ta hanyar yin aiki tare, za su iya zaburar da sauran wuraren da za su yi koyi da su, haifar da tasiri mai tasiri wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba mai dorewa da juriya. Yayin da muke duban gaba, haɗin gwiwar Bonito da Machu Picchu ya zama shaida ga ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa wajen magance matsalolin da suka shafi sauyin yanayi. Tare, suna kiyaye al'adunsu na halitta da na al'adu tare da share hanyar zuwa wani sabon zamani na yawon shakatawa mai ƙarancin iska.
Written by Erika Rumiche, daga Green Initiative tawagar.
